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结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (2): 158-163.doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024023

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2012—2022年北京市石景山区肺结核流行特征分析

张亚敬1(), 任丽君2, 王明良3, 姜影1, 周琳2, 唐桂琴1   

  1. 1北京市石景山区疾病预防控制中心结核病防治所,北京 100043
    2北京市石景山区疾病预防控制中心流行病科,北京 100043
    3北京市石景山区疾病预防控制中心环境职业卫生科,北京 100043
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-29 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-04-11
  • 通信作者: 张亚敬 E-mail:zyajing@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    2021年北京市重大疫情防治重点专科项目(J.W.Y.(2021)No.135)

Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shijingshan District, Beijing from 2012 to 2022

Zhang Yajing1(), Ren Lijun2, Wang Mingliang3, Jiang Ying1, Zhou Lin2, Tang Guiqin1   

  1. 1Institute of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Shijingshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100043, China
    2Department of Epidemiology, Shijingshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100043, China
    3Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Shijingshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100043, China
  • Received:2023-12-29 Online:2024-04-20 Published:2024-04-11
  • Contact: Zhang Yajing E-mail:zyajing@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    Key Specialty Project for Prevention and Control of Major Epidemics in Beijing in 2021(J.W.Y.(2021)No.135)

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摘要：

目的：分析2012—2022年北京市石景山区肺结核流行特征,为以后更好开展结核病防治工作提供科学依据。方法：通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”的子系统“结核病信息管理系统”,收集2012—2022年北京市石景山区肺结核患者相关资料,包括性别、年龄、职业、病原学情况、现住址等,采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果：2012—2022年石景山区共报告肺结核患者1954例,年均报告发病率为28.60/10万。肺结核报告发病率由2012年的35.70/10万(231例)下降到2022年的21.85/10万(123例),总体呈下降趋势($χ^{2}_{趋势}=40.035$,P<0.001)。报告肺结核患者中,男性1288例,女性666例,性别比为1.93∶1,男性报告发病率(37.44/10万,1288/3440000)高于女性(19.63/10万,666/3392000),差异有统计学意义(χ2=189.416,P<0.001)。0~14岁、15~64岁、≥65岁3个年龄组肺结核报告发病率分别为2.76/10万(19/688973)、25.69/10万(1372/5341527)和69.21/10万(563/813409),≥65岁年龄组报告发病率明显高于0~14岁和15~64岁年龄组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=647.183,P<0.001)。职业分布前5位的是离退休人员(33.88%,662/1954)、家务及待业(21.19%,414/1954)、干部职员(9.88%,193/1954)、工人(8.55%,167/1954)、学生及教师(6.14%,120/1954)。第2季度报告肺结核患者例数最多(26.36%,515/1954),其次是第4季度(25.03%,489/1954),第1季度(23.80%,465/1954)最少。结论：2012—2022年北京市石景山区肺结核报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,≥65岁老年人是石景山区肺结核防控的重点人群,应采取有效措施,尽早发现老年患者,及时采取治疗措施。

关键词: 结核, 肺, 流行病学研究, 综合预防, 小地区分析

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shijingshan District of Beijing from 2012 to 2022, and provide scientific basis for better tuberculosis prevention and control in the future. Methods: The relevant data of tuberculosis patients in Shijingshan District from 2012 to 2022, including gender, age, occupation, etiology, current address, etc., were collected through the Tuberculosis Information Management System, a subsystem of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results: A total of 1954 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Shijingshan District from 2012 to 2022, with an annual reported incidence rate of 28.60/100000. The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis decreased from 35.70/100000 (231 cases) in 2012 to 21.85/100000 (123 cases) in 2022, showing a general downward trend ($χ^{2}_{趋势}=40.035$, P<0.001). Among the reported pulmonary tuberculosis patients, the sex ratio of male and female was 1.93∶1 (1288∶666). The reported incidence rate of male (37.44/100000, 1288/3440000) was significantly higher than that of women (19.63/100000, 666/3392000)(χ2=189.416, P<0.001). The reported incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis of the three age groups of 0-14 years old, 15-64 years old, ≥65 years old and above were 2.76/100000 (19/688973), 25.69/100000 (1372/5341527) and 69.21/100000 (563/813409), respectively. The incidence rate in the age group of 65 years and above was significantly higher than those in the age groups of 0-14 years and 15-64 years (χ2=647.183, P<0.001). The top 5 occupational distribution groups were retirees (33.88%, 662/1954), household and unemployed (21.19%, 414/1954), cadres and staff (9.88%, 193/1954), workers (8.55%, 167/1954), and students and teachers (6.14%, 120/1954). The number of tuberculosis cases reported in the second quarter was the largest (26.36%, 515/1954), followed by the fourth quarter (25.03%, 489/1954), and the lowest number was in the first quarter (23.80%, 465/1954). Conclusion: From 2012 to 2022, the reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shijingshan District showed a general downward trend. People aged 65 and above are the key population for tuberculosis prevention and control in Shijingshan District. Effective measures should be taken to make the detection and treatment for the elderly patients as soon as possible.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Epidemiologic studies, Universal precautions, Small-area analysis

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