珠海市某中职院校学生肺结核“知信行”现况研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-8493.20210088

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解珠海市某中职院校学生的肺结核知识、信念、行为(简称“知信行”)水平,为开展结核病健康教育和干预提供科学依据。方法 2021年1—3月采取整群抽样法,以班级为单位,用随机数字表法抽取珠海市某中职院校一年级和二年级在校学生各10个班级学生为研究对象,使用统一问卷对研究对象进行结核病相关知识、信念和行为的调查,共调查学生843名,有效问卷843份,有效率100.00%。结果珠海市某中职院校843名学生结核病总知晓率为48.99%(2891/5901),其中肺结核能传染知晓率最高[81.73%(689/843)],肺结核休学政策知晓率最低[23.01%(194/843)]。女生知识、信念、行为得分[中位数(四分位数)]分别为8(6,10)、13(12,13)和11(8,14)分,高于男生的相应得分[6(4,8)、12(11,13)和10(8,12)分](Z值分别为-6.97,-4.37,-4.20,P值均<0.01)。一年级的知识、信念得分[中位数(四分位数)]分别为8(4,10)和13(11,13)分,高于二年级的相应得分6(4,8)和12(10,13)分(Z=-4.02,-3.05,P值均<0.01)。结论珠海市某中职院校学生肺结核知晓率较低,信念和行为仍需提升,学校和当地健康教育部门应通过加强健康教育促进中职院校学生形成肺结核知识-信念-行为良性循环链,提高学生整体健康素养。

关键词: 结核, 学生, 健康知识、态度、实践, 问卷调查

Abstract:

Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) level of tuberculosis prevention and control among students in secondary vocational school in Zhuhai City, and to provide scientific basis for health education and intervention of tuberculosis. Methods The cluster sampling method was used to select ten classes of students from the first grade and ten classes from the second grade in a secondary vocational school in Zhuhai City as the research subjects.Tuberculosis-related KAP survey was conducted using a unified questionnaire from January 2021 to March 2021.A total of 843 students were investigated and 843 valid questionnaires were collected. Results The total awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and control key messages was 48.99% (2891/5901), of which the awareness rate of tuberculosis contagion was the highest (81.73%,689/843), and the awareness rate of the tuberculosis school suspension policy was the lowest (23.01%,194/843). The median scores of K,A and P of female students were 8 (6,10), 13 (12,13) and 11 (8,14) respectively, which were higher than that of male students (6 (4,8), 12 (11,13) and 10 (8,12))(Z=-6.97, P<0.01; Z=-4.37, P<0.01; Z=-4.20, P<0.01). The median scores of K and A in the first grade were 8 (4,10) and 13 (11,13), which were higher than the students in the second grade (6 (4,8), 12 (10,13))(Z=-4.02, P<0.01; Z=-3.05, P<0.01). Conclusion The awareness rate of tuberculosis was low among students in secondary vocational college in Zhuhai City, and attitudes and practices still need to be improved. Schools and health education departments should strengthen health education to promote the formation of a virtuous circle of KAP among students and improve their overall health literacy.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Students, Health knowledge,attitudes,practice, Questionnaires

欧青叶, 张伟华, 赵文钧, 邝俊荣. 珠海市某中职院校学生肺结核“知信行”现况研究[J]. 结核与肺部疾病杂志, 2021, 2(4): 317-321. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-8493.20210088

OU Qing-ye, ZHANG Wei-hua, ZHAO Wen-jun, KUANG Jun-rong. Investigation on knowledge,attitude,practice of tuberculosis among students in secondary vocational school in Zhuhai City[J]. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2021, 2(4): 317-321. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-8493.20210088

图/表 5

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

参考文献 15

[1]	任坦坦, 邓国防, 付亮, 等. 2020 WHO全球结核报告:全球与中国关键数据分析. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2020, 5(4):280-284. doi: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.015. doi: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.015
[2]	成君, 刘剑君. 我国学校结核病疫情监测和预警的现状与进展. 中国防痨杂志, 2020, 42(5):436-441. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.05.005. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.05.005
[3]	肖筱, 陈静, 李向群, 等. 2009—2017年上海市学生肺结核疫情特征分析. 中国防痨杂志, 2020, 42(5):498-502. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.05.015. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.05.015
[4]	冷长瑜. 青海省五所高职院校学生结核病知识,信念,行为的调查研究. 北京:中国疾病预防控制中心, 2017.
[5]	赵忠侠. 杨浦区重点人群结核病知信行现况及影响因素研究. 上海:复旦大学, 2017.
[6]	杨芷馥, 杜太峰, 吴库生. 汕头市中等职业学校学生肺结核防治知信行调查及相关因素分析. 汕头大学医学院学报, 2020, 33(3):186-189. doi: 10.13401/j.cnki.jsumc.2020.03.014. doi: 10.13401/j.cnki.jsumc.2020.03.014
[7]	沈鑫. 进一步加强学校结核病防控. 结核病与肺部健康杂志, 2019, 8(2):81-82. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3755.2019.02.001. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3755.2019.02.001
[8]	周勇, 王蕾, 孙彦波, 等. 黑龙江省部分县区中小学生结核病知信行现况. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(5):696-699. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.05.015. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.05.015
[9]	曹怡, 张少茹, 张天华, 等. 西安市大学生结核病防治“知信行”现状及结构方程模型分析. 中国防痨杂志, 2018, 40(11):1201-1207. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2018.11.011. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2018.11.011
[10]	王婷, 路希维, 王雪阳, 等. 大连市某高校入学新生结核病防治知识知晓率的调查. 结核病与肺部健康杂志, 2015, 4(1):28-31. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3755.2015.01.006. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3755.2015.01.006
[11]	黄玲, 李佳, 羊晶晶, 等. 2019年福州市部分中学结核病防治知识调查. 预防医学论坛, 2020, 26(12):946-948. doi: 10.16406/j.pmt.issn.1672-9153.2020.12.020. doi: 10.16406/j.pmt.issn.1672-9153.2020.12.020
[12]	中华人民共和国国务院办公厅. 国务院办公厅关于印发“十三五”全国结核病防治规划的通知[EB/OL]. 国办发[2017]16号.[2017-02-01]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-02/16/content_5168491.htm.
[13]	吕书红, 王夏玲, 刘志业. 学校健康教育对中小学生健康相关知识和行为影响分析. 中国健康教育, 2020, 36(5):397-401. doi: 10.16168/j.cnki.issn.1002-9982.2020.05.003. doi: 10.16168/j.cnki.issn.1002-9982.2020.05.003
[14]	姜影, 孙浩, 李敏, 等. 北京市石景山区大学新生结核病防治知识知晓情况及其影响因素分析. 结核病与肺部健康杂志, 2017, 6(3):119-120. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3755.2017.03.015. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3755.2017.03.015
[15]	高谦, 梅建. 我国学校结核病预防与控制的思考. 中国防痨杂志, 2020, 42(3):195-199. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.03.003. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.03.003

序号	调查题目	正确回答人数	知晓率(%)
K1	知道肺结核能传染	689	81.73
K2	知道肺结核主要症状	435	51.60
K3	知道患病后就诊机构	274	32.50
K4	知道肺结核减免政策	298	35.35
K5	知道肺结核能够治愈	665	78.88
K6	知道肺结核治疗时长	336	39.86
K7	知道肺结核休学政策	194	23.01

序号	调查内容	积极信念 [名,知晓率(%)]	中性信念 [名,知晓率(%)]	消极信念 [名,知晓率(%)]
A1	患病后不隐瞒病情	736(87.31)	0(0.00)	107(12.69)
A2	关心不歧视患病同学	551(65.36)	262(31.08)	30(3.56)
A3	主动配合学校筛查	747(88.61)	76(9.02)	20(2.37)
A4	愿意接受入学结核病健康体检	722(85.65)	89(10.56)	32(3.80)
A5	愿意接受年度结核病健康体检	682(80.90)	117(13.88)	44(5.22)
A6	愿意参加结核病宣传校内活动	619(73.43)	195(23.13)	29(3.44)
A7	愿意主动了解结核病相关知识	617(73.19)	197(23.37)	29(3.44)

序号	调查内容	正向行为 [名,知晓率(%)]	中性行为 [名,知晓率(%)]	负向行为 [名,知晓率(%)]
P1	人群密集场所戴口罩	627(74.38)	100(11.86)	116(13.76)
P2	在宿舍或家主动开窗	530(62.87)	142(16.84)	171(20.28)
P3	咳嗽时不随地吐痰	631(74.85)	152(18.03)	60(7.12)
P4	加强身体锻炼	521(61.80)	161(19.10)	161(19.10)
P5	拒绝晚睡或熬夜	437(51.84)	199(23.61)	207(24.56)
P6	吃早饭等规律饮食行为	485(57.53)	202(23.96)	156(18.51)
P7	主动寻求疾病或健康知识	479(56.82)	201(23.84)	163(19.34)

	K1	K2	K3	K4	K5	K6	K7	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6	A7	P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6	P7
K1	1
K2	0.26^a	1
K3	0.20^a	0.32^a	1
K4	0.20^a	0.24^a	0.38^a	1
K5	0.37^a	0.30^a	0.27^a	0.26^a	1
K6	0.21^a	0.34^a	0.34^a	0.19^a	0.23^a	1
K7	0.02	0.11^a	0.06	0.20^a	0.12^a	0.07^b	1
A1	0.12^a	0.13^a	0.10^a	0.07	0.23^a	0.11^a	0.01	1
A2	-0.10^a	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.09^a	-0.05	1
A3	0.20^a	0.28^a	0.22^a	0.17^a	0.38^a	0.16^a	0.11^a	0.26^a	0.06	1
A4	0.18^a	0.20^a	0.18^a	0.19^a	0.23^a	0.10^a	0.03	0.19^a	-0.05	0.38^a	1
A5	0.18^a	0.19^a	0.16^a	0.18^a	0.19^a	0.08^b	0.02	0.16^a	-0.03	0.31^a	0.73^a	1
A6	0.16^a	0.12^a	0.14^a	0.14^a	0.19^a	0.05	-0.00	0.13^a	0.01	0.24^a	0.42^a	0.46^a	1
A7	0.17^a	0.08^b	0.12^a	0.12^a	0.19^a	0.04	-0.01	0.10^a	-0.02	0.28^a	0.49^a	0.55^a	0.65^a	1
P1	0.02	0.05	0.06	0.04	0.12^a	0.08^b	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.08^b	0.11^a	0.10^a	0.07	0.09^b	1
P2	0.03	0.12^b	0.12^a	0.11^a	0.13^a	0.04	0.04	0.15^a	0.06	0.17^a	0.14^a	0.11^a	0.10^a	0.09^a	0.07^b	1
P3	0.10^a	0.04	0.08^b	0.09^b	0.14^a	0.04	0.08^b	0.07^b	0.04	0.11^a	0.11^a	0.12^a	0.13^a	0.14^a	0.50^a	0.11^a	1
P4	0.03	0.11^b	0.05	0.08^b	0.10^a	0.06	0.06	0.14^a	0.03	0.16^a	0.16^a	0.15^a	0.14^a	0.13^a	0.09^a	0.48^a	0.11^a	1
P5	0.03	-0.01	0.01	0.04	0.02	-0.02	0.07^b	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.07^b	0.10^a	0.13^a	0.14^a	0.32^a	0.05	0.34^a	0.21^a	1
P6	0.06	0.03	-0.00	0.03	0.09^b	0.01	0.08^b	0.03	-0.02	0.05	0.08^b	0.12^a	0.16^a	0.17^a	0.33^a	0.07^b	0.39^a	0.16^a	0.61^a	1
P7	0.04	0.06	0.12^a	0.12^a	0.12^a	0.06	-0.01	0.16^a	0.01	0.19^a	0.15^a	0.15^a	0.12^a	0.15^a	0.09^a	0.44^a	0.14^a	0.56^a	0.12^a	0.14^a	1