结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (1): 43-48.doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250156

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2018—2023年天津市静海区学生肺结核流行特征分析

王奕民()   

  1. 天津市静海区疾病预防控制中心结核科,天津 301600
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-12 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-02-09
  • 通信作者: 王奕民,Email:2292027380@qq.com

An analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of students with tuberculosis in Jinghai District, Tianjin, 2018—2023

Wang Yimin()   

  1. Department of Tuberculosis,Jinghai District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 301600,China
  • Received:2025-10-12 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-02-09
  • Contact: Wang Yimin, Email:2292027380@qq.com

摘要:

目的: 分析2018—2023年天津市静海区学生肺结核流行特征,为学校肺结核防控工作提供依据。方法: 通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”收集2018—2023年天津市静海区学生肺结核患者相关资料,包括姓名、性别、年龄、登记时间、登记地区、学校和诊断结果等,采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果: 2018—2023年共报告学生活动性肺结核患者136例,年平均报告发病率为16.61/10万(136/818789),从2018年的27.07/10万(35/129304)下降至2023年的9.14/10万(13/142188),各年份报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ 2=23.830,P<0.05);时间分布上,4月、9月、3月报告病例数最多,分别为26例(19.12%)、16例(11.76%)、15例(11.03%);地区分布上,静海镇、大邱庄镇和团泊镇(病例数相同)、杨成庄乡为报告发病数最多的地区,分别为34例(25.00%)、17例(12.50%)、13例(9.56%);人群分布上,男性、女性报告发病率分别为16.94/10万(73/430944)、16.24/10万(63/387845),不同性别间报告发病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.060,P>0.05);在各学龄段分布情况中,大学及高职学校、高中及中职学校报告发病数最多,为72例(52.94%)、40例(29.41%),小学、初中、高中及中职学校、大学及高职学校报告发病率分别为1.78/10万(6/337421)、10.51/10万(18/171342)、42.32/10万(40/94507)、33.41/10万(72/215519),不同学龄段间报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=122.789,P<0.05);病原学分布上,病原学阳性、阴性报告病例数分别为72例(52.94%)、56例(41.18%),不同病原学结果构成比间差异无统计学意义(χ2=23.869,P>0.05)。结论: 4月、9月为学生肺结核报告发病数较多的时期,静海镇、大邱庄镇和团泊镇、杨成庄乡为高发地区,大学及高职学校、高中及中职学校为高发学龄段,病原学阳性肺结核患者比例较高。

关键词: 学生, 结核,肺, 流行病学研究, 小地区分析

Abstract:

Objective: To inform school tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control strategy developing by analyzing the characteristics of student TB cases in Jinghai District, Tianjin. Methods: Data on student tuberculosis patients in Jinghai District, Tianjin from 2018 to 2023 was collected through the National Infectious Disease Reporting System of the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, including name, gender, age, registration time, area of onset, school, and diagnosis, etc. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 136 active TB cases among students were notified from 2018 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence of 16.61 per 100000 (136/818789), declined from 27.07 per 100000 (35/129304) in 2018 to 9.14 per 100000 (13/142188) in 2023. The differences in reported incidences across years were statistically significant (χ t r e n d 2=23.830, P<0.05). Regarding temporal distribution, the highest numbers of cases were reported in April (26, 19.12%), September (16, 11.76%), and March (15, 11.03%). Geographically, Jinghai Town (34, 25.00%), Daqiuzhuang Town and Tuanbo Town (17, 12.50%), and Yangchengzhuang Township (13, 9.56%) reported the highest case numbers. In terms of population distribution, the reported incidence rates were 16.94 per 100000 (73/430944) for males and 16.24 per 100000 (63/387845) for females, no statistically significant difference was found between genders (χ2=0.060, P>0.05). Regarding educational stages, universities and higher vocational colleges (72, 52.94%) and high schools and secondary vocational schools (40, 29.41%) had the highest case numbers, the reported incidence rates were 1.78 per 100000 (6/337421) in primary schools, 10.51 per 100000 (18/171342) in junior high schools, 42.32 per 100000 (40/94507) in senior high schools and secondary vocational schools, and 33.41 per 100000 (72/215519) in universities and higher vocational schools, with statistically significant differences among incidences across educational stages (χ2=122.789, P<0.05). The numbers of etiologically positive and negative cases were 72 (52.94%) and 56 (41.18%), respectively, without statistically significant difference (χ2=23.869, P>0.05). Conclusion: April and September are the highest frequent period of reporting student TB cases. Jinghai Town, Daqiuzhuang Town, Tuanbo Town, and Yangchengzhuang Township are high-risk areas. High-risk educational stages are universities and higher vocational colleges and high schools and secondary vocational schools. The proportion of etiologically positive pulmonary TB cases is relatively high.

Key words: Students, Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Epidemiologic studies, Small-area analysis

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