结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (5): 573-578.doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250088

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2014—2023年昆明市65岁及以上老年肺结核患者流行病学特征分析

叶锦欣, 昌思思, 蒋贵林, 尹婷()   

  • 收稿日期:2025-06-26 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-10-15
  • 通信作者: 尹婷 E-mail:601806445@qq.com

Comparative analysis of epidemiological characteristics of elderly tuberculosis patients aged 65 years and above with other patients in Kunming, 2014—2023

Ye Jinxin, Chang Sisi, Jiang Guilin, Yin Ting()   

  1. Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Section, Kunming Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650100, China
  • Received:2025-06-26 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-10-15
  • Contact: Yin Ting E-mail:601806445@qq.com

摘要:

目的: 分析昆明市老年肺结核患者流行病学特征,为老年人结核病防治提供科学参考。方法: 通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“结核病管理信息系统”收集2014—2023年现住址在昆明市的所有活动性肺结核患者的病案信息。按“≥65岁”和“<65岁”将患者分为老年患者和其他患者,对比两组患者的流行病学特征和登记情况。结果: 2014—2023年昆明市共登记活动性肺结核患者21011例,其中,老年肺结核患者4502例(21.43%),其他患者16509例(78.57%)。老年患者平均登记率为60.85/10万,是其他患者(24.47/10万)的2.49倍。老年患者登记率呈单峰分布,峰值为2019年的81.24/10万(580例),后降至2022年的49.79/10万(481例),2023年又抬升至52.11/10万(519例)。老年患者在全人群患者中的占比呈上升趋势(${\chi }_{趋势}^{2}$=109.875,P<0.001),从2014年的16.67%(280/1680)上升到2023年的27.12%(519/1914)。老年患者病原学阳性率为51.67%(2326/4502),高于其他患者的44.68%(7376/16509),差异有统计学意义(χ2=70.047,P<0.001)。老年患者的病原学阳性率均呈上升趋势(${\chi }_{趋势}^{2}$=152.621,P<0.001),从2014年的43.21%(121/280)上升至2023的66.67%(346/519)。老年肺结核与糖尿病共病的患者占全人群登记肺结核患者的构成比呈上升趋势(${\chi }_{趋势}^{2}$=43.886,P<0.001),从2014年的5.71%(16/280)上升到2023年的17.15%(89/519)。结论: 昆明市老年肺结核疫情形势严峻,患者发现水平还需提升,应加强主动筛查和健康教育,持续做好老年患者规范化管理。

关键词: 老年人, 结核,肺, 流行病学研究特征(主题)

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze and compare the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients among the elderly and other populations in Kunming City, providing scientific references for TB prevention and control in the elderly. Methods: The case information of patients with active tuberculosis in Kunming was collected from 2014 to 2023 through the Tuberculosis Information Management System, a subsystem of the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Patients were categorized into elderly (≥65 years) and non-elderly (<65 years) groups. The epidemiological characteristics and registration status of the two groups of patients were compared. Results: From 2014 to 2023, a total of 21011 patients with active tuberculosis were registered in Kunming, including 4502 elderly patients (21.43%) and 16509 other patients (78.57%). The average registration rate of elderly patients was 60.85/100000, which was 2.49 times higher than that of other patients (24.47/100000). The registration rate of elderly patients exhibited a unimodal distribution, peaking at 81.24/100000 in 2019 (580 cases), then decreasing to 49.79/100000 in 2022 (481 cases), and rising again to 52.11/100000 in 2023 (519 cases). The proportion of elderly patients among all patients showed an upward trend (${\chi }_{trend}^{2}$=109.875, P<0.001), increasing from 16.67% (280/1680) in 2014 to 27.12% (519/1914) in 2023. The positive rate of etiology among elderly patients was 51.67% (2326/4502), which was higher than that of other patients (44.68% (7376/16509), the difference being statistically significant (χ2=70.047, P<0.001). The positive rate of etiology among elderly patients exhibited an upward trend (${\chi }_{trend}^{2}$=152.621, P<0.001), increasing from 43.21% (121/280) in 2014 to 66.67% (346/519) in 2023. The proportion of elderly patients with comorbid diabetes among all registered tuberculosis patients showed an upward trend (${\chi }_{trend}^{2}$=43.886, P<0.001), increasing from 5.71% (16/280) in 2014 to 17.15% (89/519) in 2023. Conclusion: The situation of tuberculosis epidemic among the elderly in Kunming is severe, and the level of patient detection needs to be improved. It is necessary to strengthen active screening and health education, and continue to implement standardized management for elderly patients.

Key words: Aged, Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Epidemiological study characteristics as topic

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