结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (2): 169-175.doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024149

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于马尔可夫模型的入学新生肺结核筛查效果分析

陈浩1, 林思含2, 李晓芬1, 刘志东1, 林艳伟2()   

  1. 1广东省惠州市结核病防治研究所,惠州 516001
    2广东医科大学公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理系,东莞 523808
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-11 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-11
  • 通信作者: 林艳伟,Email:linyanwei@gdmu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    广东省医学科研基金项目(B2018257)

Analysis of the effectiveness of pulmonary tuberculosis screening for freshmen based on Markov model

Chen Hao1, Lin Sihan2, Li Xiaofen1, Liu Zhidong1, Lin Yanwei2()   

  1. 1Huizhou Tuberculosis Research Institute, Huizhou 516001, China
    2Social Medicine and Management, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
  • Received:2024-10-11 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-11
  • Contact: Lin Yanwei,Email: linyanwei@gdmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Medical Scientific Research Fund Project of Guangdong Provincial(B2018257)

摘要:

目的: 评价线上肺结核可疑症状问卷筛查的实施效果,扩充主动筛查的应用案例和实践经验,为学生肺结核筛查提供新路径。方法: 以广东省惠州市2021—2022年所有类型学校的入学新生为研究对象,通过自主研发的微信终端“结核病防治手机一体化管理系统”(简称“微督导系统”)以线上症状问卷调查的方式进行肺结核筛查。采用马尔可夫状态转换模型分析肺结核筛查实施的成本-效果。结果: 2021—2022年共有917991名新生参与了肺结核可疑症状筛查,发现可疑症状者4908例(0.53%),肺结核检出率为1.09/10万(10/917991)。马尔可夫状态转换模型分析结果发现新生症状筛查最终可预防3100例肺结核发病数。通过线上症状筛查,获得1个质量调整寿命年需花费3060元,远低于全国89358元的人均国内生产总值。结论: 采用微督导系统实施入学新生肺结核筛查策略可以有效降低儿童青少年肺结核发病数,且具有成本-效果优势。

关键词: 结核,肺, 分枝杆菌感染, 学生,公共卫生, 人群监测, 模型,统计学, 马尔可夫

Abstract:

Objective: To evaluate the implementation effect of online pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) symptom questionnaire screening system, provide a novel pathway for PTB screening among students, and expand practical experience in active screening experience. Methods: Freshmen from all types of schools in Huizhou from 2021 to 2022 were enrolled. An independently developed WeChat-based “Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Integrated Management System” (referred to as the “Micro-Supervision System”) was used to conduct online PTB symptom screening. The Markov state transition model was employed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of screening strategy. Results: From 2021 to 2022, a total of 917991 freshmen participated in the screening with 4908 cases (0.53%) identified as having suspected PTB symptoms. Ten active PTB cases were confirmed, yielding a detection rate of 1.09 per 100000. The Markov state transition model estimated that symptoms screening could prevent 3100 PTB cases. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for gaining one quality-adjusted life year was RMB 3060 yuan, significantly lower than China’s 2023 per capita GDP (RMB 89358 yuan). Conclusion: The “Micro-Supervision System” is a cost-effective strategy for PTB screening among freshmen, effectively reducing PTB incidence in children and adolescents.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Mycobacterium infections, Students, public health, Population surveillance, Models, statistical, Markov

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