结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (1): 49-58.doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250165

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2022—2024年杭州市郊县地区结核分枝杆菌耐药特征及影响因素分析

吴亦斐, 李清春, 黄银燕, 贾庆军, 白雪欣, 程庆林()   

  1. 杭州市疾病预防控制中心(杭州市卫生监督所)结核病防制所,杭州 310021
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-05 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-02-09
  • 通信作者: 程庆林,Email:qinglincheng@hzcdc.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGF21H190002);浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2021KY951);浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2020KY238);杭州市医药卫生科技计划项目(A20200280);浙江省疾病预防控制创新(培育)团队(2026JKP-03)

Analysis of drug resistance characteristics and influencing factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in suburban areas of Hangzhou, 2022—2024

Wu Yifei, Li Qingchun, Huang Yinyan, Jia Qingjun, Bai Xuexin, Cheng Qinglin()   

  1. Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Hangzhou Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Hangzhou Health Supervision Institution), Hangzhou 310021, China
  • Received:2025-11-05 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-02-09
  • Contact: Cheng Qinglin, Email: qinglincheng@hzcdc.com.cn
  • Supported by:
    The Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Zhejiang Province(LGF21H190002);Zhejiang General Research Project on Medical Health and Science Technology Plan(2021KY951);Zhejiang General Research Project on Medical Health and Science Technology Plan(2020KY238);The Hangzhou Medical and Health Science and Technology Project(A20200280);Disease Prevention and Control Innovation Team of Zhejiang Province(2026JKP-03)

摘要:

目的: 分析杭州市郊县地区结核分枝杆菌的耐药情况及其影响因素。方法: 采用回顾性研究方法,收集2022—2024年杭州市周边全部8个郊县地区结核病定点医院临床诊断为肺结核的2456例患者相关临床资料[包括年龄、性别、就诊登记时间、户籍地、治疗分类、分枝杆菌痰培养、菌种鉴定及药物敏感性试验结果(包括异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、左氧氟沙星和莫西沙星)],采用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型分析不同人群的耐药特征及其影响因素。结果: 2456株分枝杆菌菌株中,2165株(88.15%)为结核分枝杆菌复合群,291株(11.85%)为非结核分枝杆菌;初治患者2254例(91.78%),复治患者202例(8.22%);1910株(88.22%)对5种抗结核药物均敏感,255株(11.78%)为耐药菌株;总耐药率、一线药物耐药率、单耐药率、耐多药率、准广泛耐药率分别为11.78%(255/2165)、8.36%(181/2165)、6.28%(136/2165)、1.94%(42/2165)、0.42%(9/2165);异烟肼耐药率最高[7.62%(165/2165)],其次依次为左氧氟沙星和莫西沙星[均为4.02%(87/2165)]、利福平[2.59%(56/2165)]和乙胺丁醇[1.15%(25/2165)];且异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇耐药率及总耐药率和耐多药率均明显低于2017—2019年[分别为10.53%(306/2907)、4.02%(117/2907)、2.03%(59/2907)、14.90%(433/2907)、3.06%(89/2907)],差异均有统计学意义(χ2=12.431,P=0.005;χ2=7.790,P=0.005;χ2=5.831,P=0.016;χ2=10.281,P=0.001;χ2=6.204,P=0.013)。255株耐药菌株共计14种耐药组合,其中,52.94%(135株)的耐药株仅对1种药物耐药,以异烟肼耐药为主(45.88%,117株);37.25%(95株)的耐药株对2种药物耐药,以左氧氟沙星+莫西沙星为优势组合(27.84%,71株),其次为异烟肼+利福平耐多药组合(8.24%,21株);仅5.49%(14株)的耐药株对3种药物耐药。8个郊县地区的总耐药率[临安区最高(18.62%),临平区最低(8.99%)]、利福平耐药率[余杭区最高(5.47%),淳安县最低(0.54%)]和耐多药率[余杭区最高(5.47%),淳安县最低(0.54%)]的差异均有统计学意义(χ2=14.556,P=0.042;χ2=17.551,P=0.014;χ2=16.177,P=0.024)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,服务行业(OR=7.887,95%CI:3.046~20.775)、干部职员(OR=5.143,95%CI:1.385~17.420)、复治患者(OR=3.313,95%CI:2.176~4.959)和>60岁人群(OR=1.801,95%CI:1.029~3.255)均是结核分枝杆菌发生耐药的危险因素。结论: 杭州市郊县地区耐药结核分枝杆菌控制情况总体良好,但仍应加强复治患者的管理和规范化治疗,重视其耐药筛查工作,并加强服务行业、干部职员人群及高龄人口的结核病主动筛查工作,以有效控制耐药结核病的传播。

关键词: 分枝杆菌,结核, 结核,抗多种药物性, 数据说明,统计, 因素分析,统计学, 小地区分析

Abstract:

Objective: The aim of this study is to understand characteristics and influencing factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in suburban counties of Hangzhou. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to collect clinical data (including age, gender, registration time, registered residence, treatment classification, mycobacterium sputum culture, species identification, and drug susceptibility test results (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin)) from 2456 clinically diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients from designated hospitals in all eight suburban counties of Hangzhou from 2022 to 2024. Single-factor and multivariable logistic regression model were used to analyze the drug resistance characteristics and influencing factors among different populations. Results: In the 2456 isolates of mycobacteria, 2165 (88.15%) of the strains were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and 291 (11.85%) were non-tuberculous mycobacterium; 2254 (91.78%) were initial treatment cases, and 202 (8.22%) were retreatment cases; 1910 (88.22%) were sensitive to all five anti-tuberculosis drugs, while 255 (11.78%) were resistant strains; the total drug resistance, first-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance, single drug resistance, multiple drug resistance and pre-extensive drug resistance rates were 11.78% (255/2165), 8.36% (181/2165), 6.28% (136/2165), 1.94% (42/2165) and 0.42% (9/2165), respectively. The resistance rate against isoniazid was the highest (7.62%, 165/2165), followed by levofloxacin and moxifloxacin (all 4.02%, 87/2165), rifampicin (2.59%, 56/2165), and ethambutol (1.15%, 25/2165); The drug resistance rates of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, total and multidrug resistance rates have all significantly decreased compared to the rates of 2017—2019 (10.53% (306/2907), 4.02% (117/2907), 2.03% (59/2907), 14.90% (433/2907), 3.06% (89/2907),χ2=12.431, P=0.005; χ2=7.790, P=0.005; χ2=5.831, P=0.016; χ2=10.281, P=0.001; χ2=6.204, P=0.013). There were a total of 14 patterns of 255 drug-resistant strains, among which 52.94% (135) of the drug-resistant strains were only resistant to one drug, with isoniazid resistance being the main type (45.88%, 117); 37.25% (95) of resistant strains were resistant to two drugs, with levofloxacin+moxifloxacin as the dominant pattern (27.84%, 71), followed by isoniazid+rifampicin pattern (8.24%, 21); Only 5.49% (14) of resistant strains were resistant to three drugs. The total drug resistance rate (highest in Lin’an District (18.62%) and lowest in Linping District (8.99%)), rifampicin resistance rate (highest in Yuhang District (5.47%) and lowest in Chun’an County (0.54%)) and multidrug resistance rate (highest in Yuhang District (5.47%) and lowest in Chun’an County (0.54%)) in 8 suburban counties showed statistically significant differences (χ2=14.556, P=0.042; χ2=17.551, P=0.014; χ2=16.177, P=0.024). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that working in service industry (OR=7.887, 95%CI: 3.046-20.775), being cadres or staff (OR=5.143, 95%CI: 1.385-17.420), retreated patients (OR=3.313, 95%CI: 2.176-4.959), and aged over 60 years old (OR=1.801, 95%CI: 1.029-3.255) were risk factors for developing Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance. Conclusion: The control of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in suburban areas of Hangzhou is generally satisfactory, but it is still necessary to strengthen management and standardized treatment among retreated patients with emphasis on drug resistance screening, and strengthen active tuberculosis screening among service industry workers, cadres and staff and the elderly population, to effectively control the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis,multidrug-resistant, Data interpretation,statistical, Factor analysis, statistical, Small-area analysis

中图分类号: