结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (2): 162-170.doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250117

• 论著 • 上一篇    

2011—2024年上海市徐汇区学校肺结核空间异质性及风险因素分析

苏晴1, 张赛男1, 旃鹤1, 蔡晓峰1, 张爽2, 张博淑1, 杨美霞1()   

  1. 1 上海市徐汇区疾病预防控制中心(上海市徐汇区卫生健康监督所)慢性传染病防治科, 上海 200237
    2 复旦大学公共卫生学院, 上海 200030
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-02 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 通信作者: 杨美霞 E-mail:ymeixia@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年)重点学科(GWVI-11.1-05);上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年)重点学科(GWVI-11.1-07)

Analysis of spatial heterogeneity and risk factors of tuberculosis in schools in Xuhui District, Shanghai from 2011 to 2024

Su Qing1, Zhang Sainan1, Zhan He1, Cai Xiaofeng1, Zhang Shuang2, Zhang Boshu1, Yang Meixia1()   

  1. 1 Department of Chronic Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of Shanghai Xuhui Center for Disease Prevention and Control (Shanghai Xuhui Health Inspection Agency), Shanghai 200237, China
    2 Public Health School, Fudan University, ShangHai 200030, China
  • Received:2025-08-02 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-04-13
  • Contact: Yang Meixia E-mail:ymeixia@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    Key Disciplines of the Three-Year Action Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai (2023—2025)(GWVI-11.1-05);Key Disciplines of the Three-Year Action Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai (2023—2025)(GWVI-11.1-07)

摘要:

目的: 分析上海市徐汇区学校肺结核发病高风险热点区域和空间危险因素,为实行区域化、场所化精准防控,合理配置卫生资源,完善学校肺结核防治策略提供科学依据。方法: 收集“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“结核病监测报告管理系统”中2011—2024年上海市徐汇区学校肺结核报告数据,并结合2018—2024年徐汇区疾病预防控制中心实时登记的学校肺结核数据。采用空间自相关、核密度分析和贝叶斯方法,对2011—2024年徐汇区学校肺结核进行流行病学特征分析,探索发病热点区域和空间分布规律。结果: 2011—2024年徐汇区共报告学校肺结核344例,年平均报告发病率为13.43/10万,年龄范围为16~26岁,大学生占88.95%(306/344),37.50%(129/344)的患者存在就诊延迟。核密度和局部空间自相关分析发现凌云街道、枫林街道、康健街道和长桥街道为肺结核高发区域,报告患者例数分别为107例(31.10%,107/344)、61例(17.73%,61/344)、38例(11.05%,38/344)、23例(6.69%,23/344),发病热点区域为徐汇区西南部地区(凌云街道、长桥街道、康健街道,年平均报告发病率分别为31.79/10万、31.51/10万、30.45/10万),未显示出冷点区域。大学生人口密度(OR=1.357, 95%CI:1.179~1.538)是徐汇区学校肺结核发病的危险因素。结论: 徐汇区学校肺结核发病存在空间异质性,肺结核高发地区为凌云、枫林、康健和长桥街道,热点区域主要分布在凌云、长桥街道和华泾镇。大学生人口密度是学校肺结核报告发病率的空间影响因素。

关键词: 学生, 结核,肺/预防和控制, 因素分析,统计学, 小地区分析

Abstract:

Objective: To determine the high-risk hotspots and spatial risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) incidence in schools in Xuhui District of Shanghai, to provide scientific evidence for implementing regional and location-based precise prevention and control, rationally allocating health resources, and improving the PTB prevention and control strategy in schools. Methods: To collect data regarding the reported incidence of schools in Xuhui District of Shanghai from 2011 to 2024 from the “Tuberculosis Surveillance Report Information Management System”, a subsystem of the “China Disease Prevention and Control Information System”, and combine it with the real-time school PTB data registered by staff of Xuhui District Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2018 to 2024. We adopted spatial auto-correlation and kernel density analysis and Bayesian methods to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of school PTB incidence in Xuhui District, and to depict hot spots of PTB incidence, as well as spatial distributions. Results: A total of 344 PTB cases were reported in Xuhui District from 2011 to 2024, aged mainly 16-26 years old. The annural average reported incidence rate was 13.43 per 100000. 88.95% (306/344) were college students, 37.50% (129/344) had patient delay. Kernel density and local spatial autocorrelation analysis found that Lingyun, Fenglin, Kangjian, and Changqiao Streets were high-incidence areas of tuberculosis. The number of reported cases were 107 cases (31.10%, 107/344), 61 cases (17.73%, 61/344), 38 cases (11.05%, 38/344), and 23 cases (6.69%, 23/344) respectively. The hot-spot areas of incidence were the southwestern part of Xuhui District (Lingyun, Changqiao, and Kangjian Streets, with annual average incidence rates of 31.79 per 100000, 31.51 per 100000, and 30.45 per 100000, respectively), and no cold-spot areas were detected. The density of population of college students (OR=1.357, 95%CI:1.179-1.538) was risk factor for the incidence of PTB in schools in Xuhui District. Conclusion: There is spatial heterogeneity in the incidence of PTB in schools in Xuhui District. The areas with a high incidence of PTB are Lingyun, Fenglin, Kangjian, and Changqiao Streets, and the hotspots are mainly distributed in Lingyun, Changqiao and Huajing Streets. The density of population of college students is spatial influencing factors of PTB incidence in schools.

Key words: Students, Tuberculosis, pulmonary/prevention and control, Factor analysis, statistical, Small-area analysis

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