Table of Content

20 August 2024, Volume 5 Issue 4

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Original Articles

Analysis of thoracic collapse deformity secondary to stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema and its related influencing factors

Liu Xin, Wu Qianhong, Chen Qiliang, Guo Le

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  283-288.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024001

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Objective: To analyze the thoracic collapse deformity secondary to stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema and related influencing factors. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to collect clinical data of 105 patients with stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema treated in Shaanxi Provincial Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Hospital from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2023, including patient’s gender, age, course of disease, treatment classification, NRS 2000 nutritional score, location of empyema (left/right/bilateral), number of ribs involved in empyema, thickness of parietal pleura, thoracic drainage, thoracic collapse, as well as drug resistance, smoking, complicated with/without pulmonary tuberculosis, diabetes, etc. The incidence of thoracic collapse was analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 105 patients with stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema, 56 cases (53.33%) had normal chest (normal chest group) and 49 cases (46.67%) had thoracic collapse (thoracic collapse group). Univariable analysis showed that the median age of the thoracic collapse group (29.0 (23.0, 41.5) years) was lower than that of the normal thoracic group (45.5 (23.5, 56.0) years), the median duration of disease (5.0 (3.0, 12.0) months), the proportion of combination with pulmonary tuberculosis (83.67% (41/49)), and the median NRS 2000 nutritional score (3 (2, 3)), the median parietal pleural thickness (3.15 (2.30, 4.73) mm)) and the median number of ribs involved in empyema (6 (5, 8)) were all higher than those in normal thoracic group (3.0 (1.0, 6.0) months, 66.07% (37/56), 2 (1, 3), 1.08 (0.75, 1.69) mm and 4 (3, 4), respectively), the differences were all statistically significant (Z=-2.041, P=0.041; Z=-2.302, P=0.021; χ²=4.239, P=0.040; Z=-2.321, P=0.020; Z=-6.610, P<0.001; Z=-7.127, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that age was negatively correlated with thoracic collapse secondary to stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema (OR (95%CI)=0.933 (0.882-0.987), P=0.016). The course of disease, nutrition score of NRS 2000, thickness of parietal pleura and the number of ribs involved in empyema were positively correlated with thoracic collapse (OR (95%CI)=1.122 (1.006-1.251), P=0.039; OR (95%CI)=3.061 (1.234-7.589), P=0.016; OR (95%CI)=3.001 (1.256-7.174), P=0.013; OR (95%CI)=3.817 (1.791-8.136), P=0.001). Conclusion: Due to the high incidence of thoracic collapse malformation secondary to tuberculous empyema, pleural effusion should be drained as soon as possible, and the anti-tuberculosis treatment principles of “early, combined, appropriate amount, regular, and whole course” should be followed. Attention should be paid to patients with young age, long course of disease, high nutrient score of NRS 2000, increased partical pleural thickness, and more ribs involved in empyema, to further reduce the occurrence of thoracic collapse.

Clinical trial study of a Chinese domestic tuberculous bacillus T-cell immune response detection kit

Liang Yaping, Wang Zhuo, Liu Jiayun, Zhu Lei, Li Jing, Li Meng, Wu Qianhong

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  289-293.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024039

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Objective: To evaluate the performance of a domestically produced Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) T-cell immune response test kit (referred to as the “test kit”) for in vitro qualitative detection of MTB-specific T-cell immune responses in fresh peripheral venous anticoagulated blood from suspected tuberculosis patients. Methods: A comparative study was conducted using the domestic test kit and an already marketed imported product (referred to as the “control kit”). The study included 335 suspected tuberculosis patients treated at the Shaanxi Provincial Tuberculosis Hospital from November 2020 to June 2021, and 343 suspected tuberculosis patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University from July 2021 to June 2022. Results: Among the 678 peripheral venous anticoagulated blood samples, using the control kit as the reference standard, the test kit showed a sensitivity of 93.97% (327/348), a specificity of 96.06% (317/330), and an overall agreement rate of 94.99% (644/678). When using pathogen diagnosis and clinical diagnosis as reference standards, the test kit showed a sensitivity of 82.93% (277/334), a specificity of 81.69% (281/344), and an overall agreement rate of 82.30% (558/678). In comparison, the control kit showed a sensitivity of 87.13% (291/334), a specificity of 83.43% (287/344), and an overall agreement rate of 85.25% (578/678). Among the 204 peripheral venous anticoagulated blood samples from pathogen-positive patients, the tuberculosis detection rate was 82.35% (168/204) for the test kit and 88.24% (180/204) for the control kit. Among the 130 peripheral venous anticoagulated blood samples from pathogen-negative patients, the tuberculosis detection rate was 83.85% (109/130) for the test kit and 85.38% (111/130) for the control kit. For the 344 peripheral venous anticoagulated blood samples from patients with non-tuberculous pulmonary diseases, the agreement rate between the two kits was 95.35% (328/344). The specificity was 81.69% (281/344) for the test kit and 83.43% (287/344) for the control kit. Conclusion: The domestic MTB T-cell immune response test kit demonstrates high consistency with the marketed imported kit for in vitro detection of MTB-specific T-cell immune responses in fresh peripheral venous anticoagulated blood from suspected tuberculosis patients. It can be considered a viable alternative diagnostic tool for suspected tuberculosis patients.

Study on the changes in lymphocyte subsets during secondary pulmonary tuberculosis dissemination and its clinical significance

Chen Yanling, Wu Di, Chen Xiuping, Lin Yujun, Chen Xiaohong

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  294-304.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024042

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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the alterations in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets during the dissemination of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis and their clinical implications. Methods: Data were collected from 256 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and 75 with concurrent extrapulmonary tuberculosis between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2023, at Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital in Fujian Province. The absolute counts of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were compared between the pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis groups and among their respective subgroups to assess their clinical value. Results: Significantly higher amount of CD3⁺ T cells (902.50 (608.25,1269.75)), CD4⁺ T cells (539.00 (357.75,765.50)), CD8⁺ T cells (337.50 (209.00,472.00)), B cells (159.00 (82.00,257.50)), and NK cells (160.00 (88.50,244.50)) were observed in the pulmonary tuberculosis group compared to pulmonary tuberculosis combined with extrapulmonary tuberculosis group (729.50 (468.25,975.50))、(378.00 (171.50,562.00))、(276.00 (152.00,412.00))、(84.00 (57.75,167.75))、(128.00 (51.00,192.00))(Z=-3.074,P=0.002;Z=-4.488,P<0.0001;Z=-8.283,P=0.034;Z=-2.954,P=0.003;Z=-2.115,P=0.03). The comparison between different subgroups show that: secondary pulmonary tuberculosis had significantly higher counts of CD3⁺ T cells (995.00 (668.25,1409.75)) than hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (709.50 (391.00,975.00)(Z=2.829,P=0.014), secondary pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy (764.00 (527.25,1075.00))(Z=3.215,P=0.004), secondary pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous meningitis (778.00 (537.50,976.00))(Z=2.915,P=0.011), and secondary pulmonary tuberculosis combined with multiple extrapulmonary tuberculosis (642.00 (244.25,830.50))(Z=2.994,P=0.008). The number of CD4⁺ T cells (604.00 (384.50,853.00)) from secondary pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly higher than secondary pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy (485.00 (309.00,641.00))(Z=2.684,P=0.022), tuberculous meningitis (378.00 (181.50,571.50))(Z=3.780,P=0.0005), and multiple extrapulmonary tuberculosis (277.50 (98.00,469.00))(Z=3.445,P=0.002). The count of CD8⁺ T cells (382.50 (227.75,496.25)) from secondary pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly higher than secondary pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy (273.00 (170.25,406.25))(Z=2.995,P=0.008). The number of B cells (177.00 (94.00,287.00)) from secondary pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly higher than hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (104.50 (74.00,138.00))(Z=2.700,P=0.021), secondary pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy (132.00 (66.00,200.00))(Z=2.761,P=0.017), and secondary pulmonary tuberculosis combined with multiple extrapulmonary tuberculosis (75.00 (55.50,115.75))(Z=3.038,P=0.007). The count of NK cells (177.00 (103.75,264.00)) from secondary pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly higher than hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (128.50 (48.00,175.75))(Z=2.822,P=0.014) and secondary pulmonary tuberculosis combined with tuberculous pleurisy (127.00 (72.00,245.00))(Z=3.078,P=0.006). Conclusion: When secondary pulmonary tuberculosis is accompanied by other forms of the disease or extrapulmonary tuberculosis, it exhibits lower counts of CD3⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ T cells, B cells, and NK cells compared to cases of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis alone, reflecting a relatively suppressed immune state.

Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of pathogens in ventilator associated pneumonia

Zhao Ruina, Li Shuhua, Cui Xiaohong, Gong Qiaoqiao, Pei Junli, Yuan Lirong

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  305-310.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024062

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Objective: This study aims to elucidate the distribution of pulmonary pathogens in patients suffering from ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and to investigate the factors influencing the incidence of VAP. Methods: Employing a retrospective research approach, this study involved 1164 patients who underwent mechanical ventilation at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and the First People’s Hospital of Yangquan City from January 2018 to December 2021. Sputum samples were collected from each patient for pathogen detection. We gathered comprehensive demographic and clinical data, including age, gender, length of hospital stay, and surgical history. Additionally, detailed records of mechanical ventilation and the duration and frequency of indwelling urinary and central venous catheters, as well as antibiotic usage, were maintained. The study aimed to characterize the distribution of pulmonary pathogens in VAP patients and utilized a multivariate logistic regression model to identify and analyze the factors influencing the incidence of VAP among the subjects. Results: Among the 1164 participants enrolled in this study, 171 cases (14.69%) developed VAP. Analysis revealed a total of 378 pathogenic strains isolated from the lower respiratory tract or tracheal intubation terminal secretions of these patients. Of these, 298 strains were Gram-negative bacteria (78.84%), 66 were Gram-positive bacteria (17.46%), and 14 were fungal strains (3.70%). Predominant pathogens included Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, constituting 23.81% (90/378) and 14.81% (56/378) of the isolates, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified surgical interventions (OR=2.506, 95%CI=1.640-3.828), prolonged hospital stays of 14 days or more (OR=2.749, 95%CI=8.424-28.968), and the use of indwelling catheters (OR=14.208, 95%CI=5.285-38.192) as independent risk factors significantly associated with the occurrence of VAP in mechanically ventilated patients. Conclusion: Conditional pathogens predominantly contribute to respiratory infections in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Patients who have undergone surgical procedures, those with prolonged hospital stays, or those with indwelling catheters should be particularly vigilant regarding the elevated risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis from Meigu County,Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2019 to 2023

Lezhe Laji, He Xin, Xu Qiang, Fan Li, Cao Hongju, Sun Shanhua

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  311-316.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024096

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Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis from Meigu County, Liangshan Prefecture from 2019 to 2023, and to provide basis for tuberculosis prevention and control. Methods: The reported incidence data of pulmonary tuberculosis from Meigu County was collected from the China Tuberculosis Information Management System, and the population data was obtained from survey date during screeing of Meigu County. And then we analyzed the data using the descriptive epidemiological methods. Results: A total of 4598 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Meigu County from 2019 to 2023, the average annual reported incidence rate during this period was 375.23/100000, showing an increasing trend in annual incidence rates (Cochran-Armitage test,Z=14.90,P<0.01). 51.89% (2386/4598) of the reported cases were reported from outside the county. Pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported in all 18 townships in Meigu County, with the top five townships having the highest reported incidence rates being Lama Township (634.57/100000), Luoeyigan Township (448.24/100000), Liuhong Township (442.05/100000), Hougumo Township (431.14/100000), and Dianbu Township (431.09/100000). The lowest reported incidence rate was observed in Hongxi Township (213.20/100000). Among all reported cases,the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis among males (432.72/100000) was higher than that among females (156.28/100000), the difference is statistically significant (χ²=121.32,P<0.01),with a male-to-female ratio of 1.40∶1(2683/1915). 78.77% (3622/4598) of reported cases occurred in the age group of 15-65 years. The incidence rate of adolescents aged 10-19 years is as high as 400.25/100000, of which the incidence rate of children under 15 years old is as high as 154.99/100000.The main occupations of the patients were farmers (67.14%,3087/4598) followed by students/teachers (24.34%,1119/4598). Conclusion: The epidemic situation of pulmonary tuberculosis in Meigu County is very serious. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken according to local conditions, health education for tuberculosis prevention and control should be paid attention to, the level of patient detection should be improved, and the management of patient treatment should be strengthened in order to achieve a TB free community and a TB free county.

Epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Na’nao County, Guangdong Province from 2005 to 2023

Zhao Wenli, Fang Zihao, Xu Yannan, Liu Suyang, Lin Jianxiong, Chen Zhuanghao, Fu Hui, Chen Ruiming, Chang Qiaocheng

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  317-324.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024092

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Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing patterns of tuberculosis notified in Nan’ao County from 2005 to 2023, and to provide reference for the formulation of tuberculosis prevention and control measures in the county. Methods: Data of tuberculosis patients registered in Nan’ao County, Guangdong Province from 2005 to 2023 were extracted from the Tuberculosis Management Information System, a subsystem of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Annual demographic data of Nan’ao County was derived from the Nan’ao County Statistical Yearbook. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the tuberculosis surveillance report data in Nan’ao County from 2005 to 2023, and to describe the main characteristics of TB incidence. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of tuberculosis incidence. Results: From 2005 to 2023, a total of 1636 TB cases were reported in Nan’ao County, with an average annual incidence of 134.79/100000 (1636/1213700), among which etiologically positive tuberculosis accounted for 34.72% (568/1636). The incidence curve showed a fluctuating trend (average annual percentage change (AAPC)=-5.478%, P<0.001). No obvious seasonal peak. Among the 1636 cases reported, 1211 were male and 425 were female; There were 9 rifampicin-resistant patients, all of whom were male. The age of onset was mainly 60-69 years old (415 cases, 25.37%). The main occupation was homemaker/currently unemployed (628 cases, 38.39%). Conclusion: The incidence of tuberculosis in Nan’ao County showed a decreasing trend. Prevention and control for male, elderly people, homemaker and unemployed people should be further strengthened.

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2023

Xia Jun

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  325-332.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024073

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Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2023. Methods: A retrospective was conducted to collect the information (including current address, gender, age, registration report date, etiology results, etc.) of confirmed and clinically diagnosed registered in Shangrao City from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2023 from the “Tuberculosis Information Management System”, a subsystem of the “China Disease Prevention and Control Information System”, and analyzed the three distribution of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The population data came from the subsystem “Integrated Management of Disease Prevention and Control” of the Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Results: From 2014 to 2023, a total of 43811 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were registered and reported in Shangrao City, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 65.75/100000 (43811/66632321), and the reported incidence rate decreased from 78.38/100000 (5212/6649809) in 2014 to 48.36/100000 (3136/6484824) in 2022, and then rose to 52.21/100000 (3360/6434958) in 2023, showing a general downward trend (AAPC=-5.43%, $\chi_{\text {trend }}^2$=1117.434, P<0.001). Among them, pathogenic positive patients 25247 cases (57.63%), the positive rate increased from 57.35% (2989/5212) in 2014 to 72.56% (2438/3360) in 2023, showing an overall upward trend (AAPC=2.71%, $\chi_{\text {trend }}^2$=226.576, P<0.001). The annual average reported incidence rate of male patients (91.45/100000 (31351/34282149)), 60-74 and ≥75 age groups (184.84/100000 (14230/7698544) and 183.19/100000 (4529/2472236) respectively), and Wannian County, Poyang County and Guangxin District (75.09/100000 (2734/3640961), 71.80/100000 (9163/12762269) and 71.39/100000 (5213/7301905) respectively) were higher than that of female patients (38.52/100000 (12460/32350172)), 0-14 age groups (1.75/100000 (260/14860009)) and Yanshan County (49.69/100000 (2082/4189642)), with statistically significant differences (χ²=7088.438, P<0.001; χ²=33721.474, P<0.001; χ²=413.969, P<0.001), and the proportion of men, farmers, and patients ≥60 years old were relatively high (71.56% (31351/43811), 71.38% (31274/43811), and 42.82% (18759/43811)). The highest incidence rate was reported in March (6.38/100000 (4254/66632321)), the lowest in December (4.28/100000 (2854/66632321)), and the overall trend was downward (AMPC=-3.12%, $\chi_{\text {trend }}^2$=442.474, P<0.001). Conclusion: Although the overall incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shangrao City shows a downward trend, it is necessary to pay attention to the reasons for the rise in 2023 compared with 2021 and 2022, and strengthen the prevention and control measures for tuberculosis in high incidence groups such as etiology positive,men, the elderly, farmers and counties with high incidence.

A study on the correlation between family doctor contract services and clinical characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Cai Xiaoting, Wu Xiaoying, He Liqian, Jiang Kunhong

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  333-338.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024100

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Objective: This study aimed to provides evidence for community tuberculosis management models by comparing relevant data on clinical characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients who had signed up for family doctors with those who had not. Methods: A total of 1479 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered in the “Tuberculosis Management Information System” from January 2022 to December 2023 in Haizhu District of Guangzhou were selected as the study subjects. Among them, the management group consisted of 844 cases (57.06%) who had signed up and received family doctor services, while the control group consisted of 635 cases (42.94%) who had not signed up for family doctor services. The demographic and clinical characteristics information of the two groups were collected and compared. Results: The average age of the management group was (48.48±18.38) years, which was significantly lower than that of the control group ((50.73±18.91) years, t=-2.303, P=0.021). The floating population, the focus range ≥3 lung fields, cavities, diabetes, and hyperuricemia in the management group accounted for 54.27% (458/844), 58.65% (495/844), 32.11% (271/844), 12.56% (106/844), and 8.18% (69/844), which were significantly higher than those in the control group (48.50% (308/635), 48.50% (308/634), 26.93% (171/635), 8.98% (57/635), and 3.78% (24/635); χ² values were 9.638, 15.030, 4.640, 4.744 and 11.883, respectively; all Ps<0.05). The proportions of patients with hypertension, concomitant tumors, adverse drug reactions, and initial hospitalization in the management group were 6.40% (54/844), 3.32% (28/844), 10.90% (92/844), and 27.49% (232/844), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (10.71% (68/635), 5.51% (35/635), 15.12% (96/635), and 36.22% (230/635), respectively; χ² values were 8.896, 4.278, 5.809, and 12.864, respectively; all Ps<0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between family doctor contract services and the clinical characteristics of tuberculosis patients, which provides important reference and guidance for further improvement in the medical management of tuberculosis patients.

Application observation of narrative nursing combined with phased health education in the nursing of non-small cell lung cancer chemotherapy patients

Hang Chong, Fang Nannan, Liu Xiao

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  339-344.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024074

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Objective: Exploring the application effect of narrative nursing combined with phased health education in the nursing of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Convenience sampling method was used to select 90 patients with NSCLC treated with chemotherapy in Liaocheng People’s Hospital of Shandong Province from March 2021 to August 2023, and they were divided into two groups according to random number table, with 45 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing, and the observation group received narrative nursing combined with phased health education nursing. The negative emotions, cancer fatigue and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results: Before intervention, the HAMA score of the observation group was 22.84±2.35 and the HAMD score was 20.69±2.25. With the Piper fatigue survey scale (PFS), the behavioral score was 6.62±1.63, emotional score was 5.48±1.50, physical score was 6.69±1.62, and cognitive score was 6.92±1.69. The scores of physiological status, social/family status, emotional status, functional status and lung cancer specific module were 17.67±2.43, 17.55±2.38, 13.71±1.94, 17.41±2.35 and 18.88±2.36, respectively with FACT-L Scale. For the control group, it were 22.98±2.43, 20.55±2.16, 6.54±1.56, 5.53±1.52, 6.62±1.58, 6.85±1.67, 17.54±2.36, 17.48±2.33, 13.65±1.85, 17.38±2.31, 18.98±2.42, there were no statistical significance (t=0.278, 0.301, 0.238, 0.157, 0.208, 0.367, 0.257, 0.141, 0.150, 0.061, 0.199, P=0.782, 0.764, 0.813, 0.876, 0.836, 0.715, 0.797, 0.888, 0.881, 0.951, 0.843). After intervention, the HAMA score and HAMD score of the observation group were 8.56±1.34 and 7.21±1.15 respectively. For PFS, the behavioral score was 3.15±1.06, the affective score was 3.04±1.01, the physical score was 3.62±1.12 and the cognitive score was 3.75±1.19. It was lower than that of the control group (12.13±1.75, 9.58±1.74, 4.87±1.27, 4.56±1.23, 5.01±1.34, 5.24±1.38; t=10.856, 7.623, 6.975, 6.407, 5.339, 5.485, all P<0.001). For FACT-L, physiological status score of the observation group was 27.92±2.76, social/family status score was 27.05±2.71, emotional status score was 20.24±2.50, functional status score was 26.98±2.61, lung cancer specific module score was 28.93±2.98, higher than the control group (22.69±2.54, 22.14±2.47, 17.69±2.31, 22.53±2.48, 24.56±2.64), the differences were all statistically significant (t=9.354, 8.983, 5.026, 8.291, 7.363; all P<0.001). Conclusion: The application of narrative nursing combined with phased health education in patients with NSCLC undergoing chemotherapy is good for relieving patients’ negative emotions such as anxiety, depression and fear, reducing the degree of cancer-related fatigue, improving their quality of life.

Review Articles

Research progress on the interaction between tuberculosis and COVID-19

He Fanyi, Lu Nihong, Du Yingrong

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  345-351.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024045

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Tuberculosis (TB) was one of the major respiratory infectious diseases threatening public health before the corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. TB and COVID-19 have a common pathogenic pathway, mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, and their clinical characteristics were similar. Co-infection of the two infectious diseases can cause a double burden, which not only aggravating the severity of COVID-19, but also worsening active TB, and even causing cytokine storms, leading to severe respiratory diseases and increasing the risk of death of patients. The COVID-19 pandemic also posed a serious challenge to the public health care system, significantly interfering with the health care services provided for TB patients, and further increasing the incidence and mortality of TB patients globally. Therefore, the authors provides a review of the research progress on the interactions between COVID-19 and TB, with the aim of providing reference for clinical research, diagnosis and treatment.

Progress in tuberculosis infection screening, diagnosis and treatment of female infertility patients before in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

Li Yabo, Fan Lijuan, Sun Xiuli, Gou Liangzhi, Ren Beiying, Shi Juanzi, Wang Fang, Ma Xiaoling, Xie Yonghong, Liu Xin, Wu Qianhong

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  352-357.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024053

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In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is an effective method for treating female infertility. During IVE-ET course, patients with female reproductive system tuberculosis have certain risk of activating tuberculosis to recurrent, which leads to low success rate of IVF-ET and high incidence of adverse events. In China, large number of patients have active tuberculosis disease or tuberculosis latent infection. Screening for tuberculosis infection before IVF-ET in infertile women and then taking necessary intervention can improve the success rate of IVF-ET and reduce the incidence of adverse events. At present, there is no conclusion on standard treatment before IVE-ET for infertile women with female reproductive system tuberculosis infection. This article reviews the application of laboratory, imaging, endoscopic, and pathological examination and anti-tuberculosis treatment in screening, diagnosis and treatment of female reproductive system tuberculosis infection, in order to provide clinical reference for the screening and treatment of tuberculosis infection in infertile women before IVF-ET.

Research progress of tuberculosis screening and preventive treatment in senior high school students

Wei Jing Ru, Chen Hui, Cheng Jun

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  358-363.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024072

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Students are a high-risk group for tuberculosis, among whom senior high school students have the highest proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Carrying out tuberculosis screening and subsequent preventive treatment interventions among senior high school students is essential in reducing incidence and transmission of tuberculosis, thereby lowering the risk of school outbreaks. The authors reviewed relevant literature focused on pulmonary tuberculosis among middle school students published in 2010—2024,illustrating the current status and research progress of tuberculosis screening of senior high school students and intervention and treatment of patients with latent tuberculosis infection, aiming to provide reference and insight for tuberculosis screening and follow-up intervention treatment for senior high school students.

Research progress on influencing factors and intervention strategies of stigma in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Zhao Jun, Yang Hongyu, Kang Xiong

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  364-369.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024080

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Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic respiratory infectious disease that seriously threatens people’s health due to its long course of disease, strong contagiosity and high mortality. Pulmonary tuberculosis patients generally have different degrees of stigma which could make different degrees of impact on patients’ compliance behavior, disease outcome, mental state, quality of life and so on. The authors reviews the research status, assessment tools, influencing factors and intervention strategies of stigma in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at home and abroad, in order to provide a reference for clinical intervention of stigma in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms and related genes in Chinese children with type 2 inflammatory asthma

Su XingYue, Wang Beilei, Ma Xiang

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(4):  370-375.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024086

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Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that significantly impacts the physical and mental health of children. It is classified into type 2 inflammatory asthma and non-type 2 inflammatory asthma based on distinct mechanisms and manifestations of inflammation. Type 2 inflammatory asthma represents a substantial proportion of pediatric asthma cases, characterized by severe symptoms and poor clinical outcomes. The pathogenesis of asthma is complex, with genetic variation playing a critical role in its onset and progression. Developing diagnostic models and individualized treatment plans from a genetic perspective is therefore of paramount importance. The authors systematically summarizes current research on gene regions and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with type 2 asthma, aiming to elucidate the relationship between genetic factors and the development of asthma, and to provide a foundation for future predictive diagnostic models and individualized treatment strategies for asthma.