结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (6): 437-442.doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220133

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2010—2020年云南省MTB/HIV双重感染流行特征分析

杨蕊, 许琳(), 李玲   

  1. 云南省疾病预防控制中心结核病防治所,昆明 650022
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-23 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2022-12-15
  • 通信作者: 许琳 E-mail:xulinth@hotmail.com

Epidemiological characteristics of MTB/HIV co-infection in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2020

Yang Rui, Xu Lin(), Li Ling   

  1. Tuberculosis Prevention Center, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
  • Received:2022-08-23 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-12-15
  • Contact: Xu Lin E-mail:xulinth@hotmail.com

摘要:

目的: 分析云南省MTB/HIV双重感染的流行规律,为MTB/HIV双重感染防控工作提供科学依据。方法: 从“结核病管理信息系统”与《MTB/HIV双重感染防治管理工作年度报表》中获取2010—2020年MTB/HIV双重感染筛查信息和患者个案信息,分析MTB/HIV双向筛查和MTB/HIV双重感染流行特征随时间的变化情况。结果: 2010—2020年,云南省HIV/AIDS患者接受结核病检查的比例从25.01%上升至91.26%,检出率从4.03%下降至0.42%,结核病患者接受HIV抗体检测的比例由24.04%上升至98.33%,检出率从0.72%下降至0.30%;检出的MTB/HIV双重感染患者中,男性4000例,女性960例,男女比例为4.2∶1。登记管理的MTB/HIV双重感染患者中,农民、45岁以上年龄组、出现结核病可疑症状至医疗机构就诊时间间隔<14d者、病原学阳性者比例由2010年的49.50%(198/400)、18.00%(72/400)、30.75%(123/400)、16.75%(67/400)提高至2020年的84.13%(477/567)、40.04%(227/567)、37.63%(213/566)、47.62%(270/567),均呈逐年增多的趋势(Z趋势值分别为-14.617、11.833、-5.628、-10.118,P值均<0.001)。结论: 云南省实施MTB/HIV双向筛查策略成效显著,但仍需继续提高筛查各环节的质量,采取更有效的防治措施,以更大限度控制MTB/HIV双重感染疫情。

关键词: 结核, 肺, HIV感染, 共病现象, 疾病特征

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the epidemic pattern of MTB/HIV co-infection in Yunnan Province, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of MTB/HIV co-infection. Methods: The data of screening and diagnosis of MTB/HIV co-infection cases from 2010 to 2020 were obtained from the Tuberculosis management information system and MTB/HIV co-infection prevention and management annual report. Descriptive statistics and trend test were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of MTB/HIV co-infection over time. Results: From 2010 to 2020, the proportion of HIV/AIDS patients receiving TB testing increased from 25.01% to 91.26%, the detection positive rate decreased from 4.03% to 0.42%, and the proportion of TB patients receiving HIV antibody testing increased from 24.04% to 98.33%, the detection positive rate decreased from 0.72% to 0.30%. The ratio of male to female was about 4.2∶1 (4000∶960) among all tested positive MTB/HIV co-infection patients. The proportion of farmers, patients aged over 45 years old, patients without patient delay (the interval between onset of suspicious symptoms of tuberculosis and visit to medical institutions <14 days), and etiologically positive patients among all registered MTB/HIV co-infection patients increased from 49.50% (198/400), 18.00% (72/400), 30.75% (123/400), 16.75% (67/400) in 2010 to 84.13% (477/567), 40.04% (227/567), 37.63% (213/566), 47.62% (270/567) in 2020, which all showed an increasing trend year by year (Ztrend values were -14.617, 11.833, -5.628, -10.118 respectively, P<0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of MTB/HIV co-infection screening strategy in Yunnan Province has achieved remarkable results. However, it is still necessary to continue to improve the quality of all aspects of screening, take more effective prevention and control measures, and detect patients as much as possible, so as to control the epidemic of MTB/HIV co-infection to a greater extent.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, HIV infections, Comorbidity, Disease attributes

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