结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (1): 60-64.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-8493.2020.01.013

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

“知信行”模式干预对老年肺结核患者结核病知识知晓情况的作用

张士霞(), 李利   

  1. 山东省枣庄市胸科医院内三科(李利)
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-24 出版日期:2020-06-30 发布日期:2020-07-07
  • 通信作者: 张士霞 E-mail:zhangs123x@163.com

Effect of “knowledge, belief and behavior” model intervention on mastering tuberculosis knowledge in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

ZHANG Shi-xia(), LI li   

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Tengzhou Municipal Ji Suo Health Center, Shandong Province, Tengzhou 277500,China
  • Received:2020-04-24 Online:2020-06-30 Published:2020-07-07
  • Contact: ZHANG Shi-xia E-mail:zhangs123x@163.com

摘要:

目的 探讨运用“知信行”模式干预对老年肺结核患者结核病知识知晓情况的作用。方法 选取2018年1月至2019年6月,在枣庄市胸科医院住院10 d以上的符合纳入标准的80例老年肺结核患者作为研究对象。运用《肺结核知识“知行信”调查问卷》,在患者出院3 d内,对患者进行第一次知识、信念、行为入户调查。根据调查结果,运用“知信行”模式,采取发放通俗易懂的结核病防治知识宣传手册,通过面对面交流,行为示范指导等措施对老年结核病患者进行干预。干预15 d后,进行第二次结核病防治知识、信念及行为问卷的入户调查,追踪“知信行”干预效果。前后两次调查共发放问卷160份,有效回收160份,问卷有效回收率为100.00%。结果 结核病的预防治疗知识(传播途径,治疗方法等)干预前知晓率为76.63% (613/800),干预后知晓率为95.63% (765/800),两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=120.84, P=0.000);防治态度干预前知晓率为79.00% (316/400),干预后知晓率为93.00% (372/400),差异有统计学意义(χ2=32.56, P=0.000);防治行为干预前知晓率为82.25% (329/400),干预后知晓率为97.75% (391/400),差异有统计学意义(χ2=53.39, P=0.000)。结论 应用“知信行”模式进行健康教育,可以提高老年肺结核患者对于结核病知识的掌握程度,改善患者的健康态度和健康行为,促进疾病康复,减少疾病传播。

关键词: 结核, 老年人, 问卷调查, 干预性研究, 健康教育

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effect of “knowledge, belief and behavior” model intervention on mastering tuberculosis knowledge in elderly patients with tuberculosis (TB). Methods From January 2018 to June 2019, 80 elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were hospitalized in Zaozhuang Chest Hospital for more than 10 days and met the research criteria were selected as the study objects. Using the questionnaire, the first household survey of knowledge, belief and behavior intervention for patients was carried out within 3 days after discharge from hospital. According to the results of the investigation, using the mode of “knowledge, belief and behavior intervention”, distributing an easy-to-understand brochure on TB prevention and control, the elderly TB patients were intervened by means of face-to-face communication and behavior demonstration. After 15 days of intervention, a second questionnaire survey was conducted to track the effect of “knowledge, belief and behavior intervention”. 160 questionnaires were distributed and 160 were effectively recovered. The effective recovery rate of questionnaire was 100.00%. Results As for the knowledge of prevention and treatment of tuberculosis (routes of transmission, treatment methods, etc.), the awareness rate before intervention was 76.63% (613/800), and the awareness rate after intervention was 95.63% (765/800). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=120.84, P=0.000). The awareness rate of belief to prevention and treatment before intervention was 79.00% (316/400), and the awareness rate after intervention was 93.00% (372/400). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=32.56, P=0.000). The awareness rate of behavior to prevention and treatment before intervention was 82.25% (329/400), and the awareness rate after intervention was 97.75% (391/400). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=53.39, P=0.000). Conclusion The application of knowledge, belief and behavior intervention model for health education can improve the elderly TB patients’ knowledge of TB, improve their health belief and behavior, so as to promote rehabilitation and reduce the spread of disease.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Aged, Questionnaires, Intervention studies, Health education