Table of Content

20 August 2022, Volume 3 Issue 4

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Original Articles

Effects of smoking cessation on respiratory health and related chronic diseases among male residents in the Huaihe River Basin

Xu Xiaocheng, Zhang Han, Zou Tiansen, Lyu Zhanlu, Guo Lingchuan, Luo Bin, Zhang Jinliang

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  261-268.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220036

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Objective: To understand the effects of smoking cessation on respiratory symptoms and chronic respiratory diseases among rural male residents in 7 counties of the Huaihe River Basin, which might provide scientific evidence for tobacco control and health promotion in rural China. Methods: From November 2015 to October 2018, participants aged 20-70 from 7 counties of Huaihe river basin were selected with purposive sampling and household interview for every participant was completed using self-designed questionnaire by uniformly trained investigators. Totally 1583 male participants were included. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the effects of smoking or smoking cessation on respiratory symptoms and chronic respiratory diseases. Results: The smoking rate was 49.3% (781/1583), and the smoking cessation rate was 26.3% (278/1059). Compared with current smokers, ex-smokers showed a lower risk of cough (OR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.43-0.89). The ex-smokers who quit smoking for non-health reasons had lower risks of cough (OR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.32-0.83), chronic cough (OR=0.20, 95%CI: 0.06-0.63) and expectoration (OR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.34-0.87) than those current smokers. For those ex-smokers who had been smoking ≥30 years, the risks of chronic expectoration (OR=3.11, 95%CI: 1.03-9.40) and wheezing (OR=5.73, 95%CI: 2.05-16.04) were significantly higher than those who had been smoking <30 years. Meanwhile, the risks of cough (OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.20-0.81) and shortness of breath (OR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.37-1.00) for the ex-smokers who had quit smoking ≥3 years were significantly lower than those who had quit <3 years. Conclusion: Smoking cessation for non-health reasons was related to decreased risks of respiratory symptoms and chronic respiratory diseases for male smokers in rural Huaihe River Basin. The shorter the cumulative smoking year, the longer the smoking cessation period, the more obvious health benefits will be gained by smoking cessation.

Analysis of influencing factors of rifampicin resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Kashgar in 2021

Gulimina·Abulimiti , Maiweilanjiang·Abulimiti , Diermulati·Tusun , Liu Zhenjiang, He Yi, Su Wei, Ou Xichao

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  269-273.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220094

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Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of rifampicin resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and to provide scientific basis for effective control of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Kashgar. Methods: From January 1 to December 31, 2021, 144 rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients who were registered and received treatment in Kashgar Pulmonary Hospital and completed the survey were enrolled as the drug-resistant group based on the Tuberculosis Management Information System, a subsystem of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. One hundred and forty-four bacteriology confirmed rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis patients registered and treated in the same town during the same period were randomly selected as the non-drug-resistant group according to the principles of 1∶1 matching and age ±3 years. The laboratory test results, clinical diagnosis and treatment information were checked on-site, and an on-site questionnaire survey was carried out to collect the general demographic data of the patients, the status of receiving health education, and the patients’ tuberculosis treatment history and management. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with rifampicin resistance as the dependent variable. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that the proportion of comorbidities, self-administration, non-metered medication, discontinuation of treatment, and unawareness of the transmission way of pulmonary tuberculosis among rifampicin-resistant patients (70.1% (101/144), 78.5% (113/144), 29.9% (43/144), 87.5% (126/144), 14.6% (21/144)) were significantly higher than those of non-rifampicin-resistant patients (26.4% (38/144), 16.0% (23/144), 15.3% (22/144), 6.9% (10/144), 2.8% (4/144)), which were independent risk factors for rifampicin resistance (OR (95%CI)=6.552 (3.987-10.768), 19.178 (11.109-33.103), 2.361 (1.335-4.174), 93.800 (48.909-179.894), 5.976 (2.228-16.026)). Conclusion: For pulmonary tuberculosis patients with comorbidities and low awareness of tuberculosis knowledge in Kashgar, interventions such as centralized medication management,and health education should be strengthened to improve patients’ treatment adherence and success rate, and to reduce the risk of acquired drug resistance.

Investigation on latent infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among freshmen in Colleges and universities in Changping District of Beijing and analysis of preventive treatment effect of latent infection

Yang Zhen, Lei Nan, Zhao Fei, He Yanping, Lin Na, Zhang Zhiguo

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  274-280.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220109

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Objective: To understand the status of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among college freshmen in Changping District, Beijing, to provide preventive therapy and follow-up of TB incidence.in order to provide a basis for the development of strategies on tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control. Methods: From 2015 to 2018, 97648 freshmen from 9 colleges and universities in Changping District were tested with tuberculin skin test (TST) and chest radiography. The TST reagent used tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD); 5769 patients with strong positive PPD were given preventive treatment; According to the results of PPD and preventive treatment, they were divided into 4 groups (PPD strongly positive preventive treatment group, PPD strongly positive non-preventive treatment group, PPD positive group, PPD negative group). The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was observed for 4 years. The rates between groups were compared by χ² test, and the influencing factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: The strong positive rate of PPD among 97648 freshmen was 6.01% (5873/97648). The strong positive rates of PPD among freshmen from 2015 to 2018 were 7.68% (1919/24974), 6.08% (1422/23371), 5.64% (1420/25196) and 4.61% (1112/24107) respectively, showing a downward trend, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-14.274, P<0.01). After 4 years of follow-up, the incidence rate of tuberculosis in the PPD strongly positive group without preventive treatment was 495.77/100000 (17/3429); The incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in PPD strongly positive preventive treatment group was 85.47/100000 (2/2340); The incidence rate of tuberculosis in PPD positive group was 40.63/100000 (7/17230); The incidence rate of tuberculosis in PPD negative group was 29.52/100000 (22/74530). Strong positive PPD was a risk factor for tuberculosis (HR=16.83, 95%CI:8.94-31.70). Among PPD strongly positive students, preventive treatment was the protective factor of tuberculosis (HR=0.17, 95%CI:0.04-0.75). Conclusion: Preventive therapy of PPD strong response can effectively reduce the incidence of active TB, which is important for controlling the epidemic of TB in schools.

Clinical efficacy of conservative treatment for mild spinal tuberculosis

Dong Zhaoliang, Yao Liming, Li Lingdi, Wang Lianbo, Yao Xiaowei, Li Zhuo, Liu Fengsheng, Jia Chenguang

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  281-286.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220027

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Objective: To explore the efficacy and clinical application value of conservative treatment for mild spinal tuberculosis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted 51 patients with spinal tuberculosis who were treated conservatively in the Orthopaedics Department of Hebei Chest Hospital from June 2015 to May 2018. The clinical data of them were collected. Those who without the results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and drug sensitivity test were routinely given H-R-Z-E (H: isoniazid; R: rifampicin; Z: pyrazinamide; E: ethambutol) anti-tuberculosis treatment, and the medication plan was adjusted according to the laboratory examination results (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)), imaging findings, and the improvement of clinical symptoms. Those who with Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and drug sensitivity test results should be treated with 4-5 sensitive anti-tuberculosis drugs according to the drug sensitivity test results. For those who complicated with psoas major muscle and paravertebral abscess, local puncture or catheter drainage should be used as auxiliary treatment. For those who complicated with subcutaneous abscess, incision and drainage of subcutaneous abscess should be supplemented. For those who with local sinus formation, sinus curettage was performed. All patients were assisted by braces to maintain spinal braking. The changes of ESR and CRP, pain relief and cure rate of spinal tuberculosis were dynamically observed. Results: Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and drug sensitivity test were carried out on 43 lesions or sputum samples of the subjects, of which 21 cases were positive (48.8%), 4 cases were drug-resistant. Eight subjects could not obtain specimens and were not cultured, but after application of routine anti-tuberculosis drugs, the clinical symptoms and inflammatory indicators gradually decreased to normal, and the bone lesions completely recovered. Four weeks after treatment, the ESR, CRP and VAS scores of the subjects were 28 (20, 37) mm/1 h, 25 (17, 34) mg/L and 3 (2, 4) respectively, which were significantly lower than those before treatment (36 (29,55) mm/1 h, 32 (26,40) mg/L and 5 (3,6), respectively)(Z values were -5.377, -5.260 and -6.017, respectively; all P values <0.001). All the subjects were well followed up for 18 to 30 months. And 48 cases of spinal tuberculosis were completely cured by conservative methods without recurrence, the cure rate was 94.1% (48/51). Conclusion: For mild spinal tuberculosis with indications, conservative treatment combined with necessary adjuvant treatment can achieve good results.

Effects of behavioral intervention on negative emotions and coping styles of NTM patients with pulmonary disease under the guidance of Snyder’s Hope theory

Lin Jing, Li Lan, Liu Ying

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  287-291.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220059

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Objective: To explore the effects of behavioral intervention under the guidance of Snyder’s Hope theory on negative emotions and coping styles of patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease. Methods: Seventy-five patients with NTM pulmonary disease admitted to Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital from January to June 2021 were selected as the control group,75 patients with NTM pulmonary disease from July to December 2021 were selected as the observation group. The former were given routine nursing, while the latter were given behavioral intervention under the guidance of Snyder’s Hope theory on the basis of routine nursing. Through the Resilience Scale Simplified (CD-RISC10), Herth Hope Inventory (HHI), Medical Coping Style Questionnaire (MCMQ), Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, as well as total lung capacity (TCL), forced vital capacity (FVC), the diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) were used to evaluate the negative emotions, coping styles (including three dimensions of face, avoidance, and yield), treatment compliance and pulmonary function changes in the two groups of patients after nursing. Results: In the observation group,the scores of Psychological Resilience Scale Simplified (CD-RISC10)(32.22±3.23), Herth Hope Inventory (HHI)(38.36±3.33), the post-nursing medical coping style questionnaire (MCMQ) in the face dimension score (28.84±2.23),the total lung capacity (TCL), force vital capacity (FVC), diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO)((5.32±0.73) L, (4.24±0.75) L, (18.68±3.22) ml·min^-1·mmHg^-1) after nursing,were higher than the control group (26.28±3.37), (30.68±3.35), (21.23±2.25) points, (4.83±0.58) L, (3.28±0.53) L, (15.95±2.21) ml·min^-1·mmHg^-1 points (t=11.020, 14.081,20.804, 4.551, 9.053, 6.054, all P<0.001). The treatment compliance of the observation group (97.33% (73/75)) was higher than of the control group (88.00% (66/75)) (χ²=4.807, P=0.028).But the scores of avoidance dimension (15.24±1.25) and yield dimension (7.68±1.22) were lower than the control group (18.98±2.23) and (10.95±2.21) (t=12.680, 11.218, all P<0.001). Conclusion: Behavioral intervention guided by Snyder’s Hope theory can effectively improve the negative emotions and coping styles of NTM patients, and further improve their treatment compliance and lung function.

Analysis of effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery versus thoracotomy in the treatment of refractory cavity pulmonary tuberculosis

Li Yishuai, Qin Xuebo, Li Xianglan, Wei Lan, Duan Xiaoliang, Zhang Lei, Chen Liang, Li Jianhang

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  292-295.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220029

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Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and thoracotomy in the treatment of refractory cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: The clinical data of 60 refractory cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis patients who met the inclusion criteria and underwent thoracic surgery from January 2011 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, of which 42 underwent VATS (the VATS group) and 18 underwent thoracotomy (the thoracotomy group), all of them underwent lobectomy or wedge resection. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative catheterization time, postoperative hospital stay, wound infection rate and the progress of tuberculosis were compared between the two groups to evaluate the clinical effect of the two surgical methods. Results: There were no significant differences in operative time ((130.2±43.5) min vs. (110.6±40.3) min, t=1.293, P=0.203) and postoperative incision infection (2.4% (1/42) vs. 16.7% (3/18), χ²=4.133, P=0.077) between the VATS group and the thoracotomy group. The intraoperative blood loss, postoperative catheter time, postoperative hospital stay in the VATS group were significantly lower than the thoracotomy group ((213.5±20.7) ml vs. (360.3±82.6) ml, t=-11.112; (6.4±1.2) d vs. (8.8±1.5) d, t=-6.503; (9.4±1.2) d vs. (12.8±1.4) d, t=-9.281; all P<0.001). Three patients in the thoracotomy group suffered persistent air leakage after operation, and all of them recovered after symptomatic treatment. All the 60 patients were followed up for 24 months, without tuberculosis recurrence or serious complications. Conclusion: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for refractory cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis is a safe and effective method, compared with the thoracotomy, the surgical trauma is less, the bleeding is less, the recovery is faster, and there is no increasement in perioperative deaths and complications.

Clinical features and MRI characteristics of 12 cases of tuberculous radiculomyelitis

Li Junxia, Meng Yizhe, Zhang Yanan, Chen Yanqiang, Zhao Qing

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  296-299.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220045

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Objective: To summarize and analyze the clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of tuberculous radiculomyelitis (TBRM). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 12 patients with TBRM admitted to the Department of Internal Neurology in Hebei Chest Hospital from October 2015 to June 2021. The general data, blood routine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test results, spinal cord and cranial MRI, lung CT, treatment regimens and prognosis of the patients were collected to analyze their clinical characteristics and spinal cord MRI characteristics. Results: Among the 12 patients, there were 11 cases of numbness and weakness of both lower limbs, 4 cases of lumbar and abdominal girdle sensation, back pain and pruritus, 4 cases of urinary and stool disorders and 3 cases of fever. There were 7 cases with tuberculous meningitis, 6 cases with active pulmonary tuberculosis, and 1 case with spinal tuberculosis. The blood leukocyte level and blood neutrophil ratio in 12 cases were in the normal range, the ESR in 6 cases was increased. and the blood T-SPOT.TB results in 5 cases were positive. CSF testing in 12 patients showed positive pathogenesis in 3 cases, normal pressure in 11 cases, elevated white blood cells in 10 cases, elevated protein in 10 cases, decreased glucose in 3 cases, decreased chloride in 7 cases, and increased adenosine deaminase in 5 cases. The MRI manifestations of spinal cord in 12 patients were spinal cord edema in 10 cases, syringomyelia in 2 cases and spinal cord membrane enhancement in 4 cases. Conclusion: TBRM is clinically rare and is closely related to tuberculous meningitis, pulmonary tuberculosis and spinal tuberculosis. Its CSF is predominantly elevated in protein, and spinal cord MRI can show spinal cord edema, syringomyelia and meningeal enhancement. Therefore, the possibility of TBRM should be considered based on spinal cord symptoms following tuberculosis infection.

Analysis of risk factors of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children

Xin Chaojun, Cao lijing, Lyu Lige

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  300-304.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220060

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Objective: To analyze the risk factors of recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRI) in children. Methods: This study collected demographic characteristics, previous history and disease-related data of 2194 children with respiratory tract infections hospitalized from June to October 2018 in Childrens Hospital of Hebei Province. Among the 2194 children with respiratory tract infection, the children diagnosed with RRI were taken as the observation group (275 cases), and the other children who occasionally or did not meet the definition and diagnostic criteria of recurrent infection were taken as the control group (1919 cases). The epidemiological characteristics of RRIs in children were analyzed, and their risk factors were analyzed with binary and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Within 2194 child patients with respiratory tract infections, 535 cases (24.4%) were detected with respiratory pathogens, including 166 (7.6%) respiratory syncytial virus cases, 124 (5.7%) influenza virus A cases, 98 (4.5%) parainfluenza cases, 78 (3.6%) influenza virus B cases, 42 (1.9%) adenovirus cases and 27 (1.2%) mycoplasma cases. Multivariable logistic regression showed that taking day care service (OR=4.181, 95%CI:3.529-6.040), passive tobacco exposure (OR=5.027, 95%CI:4.393-9.308), humid at home (OR=2.004, 95%CI:1.333-4.207), sharing a bedroom with other children aged 0-5 (OR=1.916, 95%CI:1.249-2.404), history of allergies (OR=3.165, 95%CI:2.359-4.421) were risk factors of RRI in children. Conclusion: Taking daycare service and sharing bedroom increased spatial aggregation thus increased the risk of RRIs. Passive tobacco exposure, humid living environment and history of allergies all increased the risk of pathogen colonization and infection by damaging the defense mechanism of the respiratory tract.

Correlation analysis of psychological condition like anxiety/depression and electronic bronchoscope treatment adherence in bronchial tuberculosis patients

Hu Juan, Zhou Yan, Yang Chengqing

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  305-308.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220090

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Objective: To analyze the psychological condition like anxiety/depression and electronic bronchoscope treatment adherence in bronchial tuberculosis patients. Methods: We selected 120 bronchial tuberculosis patients treated in Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital between January 2020 and December 2021 as research objects. The anxiety and depression scale (SAS, SDS) were used to assess psychological status of patients, and ARS scale was used to assess patient treatment compliance. A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship of psychological condition(anxiety/depression) and electronic bronchoscope treatment adherence in those bronchial tuberculosis patients. Results: Average SAS score and SDS score of those bronchial tuberculosis patients were 51.61±6.25 and 54.53±7.43 respectively; The average ARS score was 4.02±1.04. Pearson correlation analysis found that SAS and SDS scores of patients were both significantly positively correlated with their ARS scores (r=0.452,P<0.001;r=0.418,P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that economic income, educational level, SAS and SDS scores were the main factors influencing patients’ ARS scores (β=10.234,t=2.283,P=0.024;β=-3.908,t=2.083,P=0.045;β=4.527,t=2.472,P=0.012;β=6.094,t=2.795,P=0.008). Conclusion: Electronic bronchoscope treatment adherence of bronchial tuberculosis patients was relatively low. Patients with more anxiety or depression got poorer treatment adherence.

Review Articles

Research progress of connective tissue disease and tuberculosis comorbidity

Li Yuan, Guo Ruru, Lyu Liangjing

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  309-314.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220011

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Connective tissue diseases (CTD) are heterogeneous autoimmune diseases with the potential to affect multiple body systems, while tuberculosis is an important infectious disease that endangers people’s lives and health in China. Patients with CTD have a higher risk of tuberculosis than the general population, with atypical clinical manifestations, difficult diagnosis and treatment, and poor prognosis. Therefore, we draft a review of the prevalence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, screening and therapeutic strategies of CTD complicated with tuberculosis, to provide readers with the latest progress on its screening, prevention and management.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and tuberculosis

Qian Xiaowen, Zhai Xiaowen

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  315-319.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220092

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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is to transplant the original hematopoietic cells into the patient’s body to reconstruction the hematopoietic cells and immune cells. In addition to blood diseases, the indications also include congenital genetic diseases such as primary immunodeficiency diseases. Patients with primary immunodeficiency disease are prone to tuberculosis. They are often susceptible to BCG and nontuberculous mycobacterium, which can spread throughout the body and threaten their lives. Severe combined immunodeficiency disease, chronic granulomatosis and Mendelian susceptible mycobacterial disease are the primary immunodeficiency diseases most prone to BCG related complications, which can be cured by HSCT. Patients with active tuberculosis before HSCT should receive anti-tuberculosis drugs, and control tuberculosis before transplantation as much as possible if the primary condition is controllable. Patients with HSCT have a high risk of tuberculosis. It is recommended that all the patients who are waiting for HSCT should be screened for latent tuberculosis infection before transplantation, and the positive patients should be treated with preventive anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Research progress of respiratory failure caused by pulmonary tuberculosis

Zhang Xiaolin, Li Feng

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  320-324.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220014

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Pulmonary tuberculosis destroys lung parenchyma and airway structure, damages lung function, and even developed to respiratory failure in some patients. Chronic respiratory failure is the main clinical type. Acute respiratory failure is rare, but most of them lead to serious consequences. The authors review the research progress of respiratory failure caused by pulmonary tuberculosis, focusing on the pathophysiological changes of acute and chronic respiratory failure caused by tuberculosis infection, the evaluation of the severity of respiratory failure, and the implementation of individualized respiratory support technology, to provide reference for reducing mortality, improving prognosis, and reducing iatrogenic lung injury.

Research progress of chronic myeloid leukemia complicated with tuberculosis

Liu Yukun, Guo Zhi

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  325-327.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220108

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Chronic myeloid leukemia is the first hematological malignancy found to be associated with genetic alterations. It can be functionally cured by targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, there are some problems that limit the treatment, and tuberculosis is one of the important factors. Anti-tuberculosis drugs can affect the pharmacokinetics of other drugs by altering the metabolism of liver enzymes and challenge the targeted treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia drugs. In the future, further research and special randomized controlled trials are still needed to formulate more clear and sufficient treatment guidelines, to improve the therapeutic efficacy of such patients.

Research progress on eosinophilic asthma

Lin Huimin, Fu Yu, Fang Zhangfu, Xie Jiaxing

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  328-333.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220073

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Asthma is a heterogenous chronic airway inflammatory disease with various phenotypes,among which eosinophilic asthma (EA) is the most common one. Persistent eosinophilic airway inflammation may lead to severe asthma, and thus accounts for the high morbidity and mortality rates. Allergic EA and non-allergic EA subtypes varied significantly in terms of their clinical characteristics and pathogenesis. Recognizing pathogenic mechanism of EA is of great significance for disease management and for improving patient’s prognosis. In this review, we summarized the research progress on EA.

Strategy of early screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis in general hospital

He Yanchao, Jie Zhijun

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  334-337.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220078

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Tuberculosis has long been considered a big theat in China. Preventing and controlling tuberculosis is a continuous effort, yet the situation is still not optimistic. We emphasize the urgent need for active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) as a screening strategy to find tuberculosis in general hospitals. In this review, we first provide an introduction to APTB. Then, we quantitively compare APTB with other tuberculosis examinations, which demonstrates the advantages of APTB. Finally, we provide detailed analysis on the differences between screening strategies in inpatient and outpatient departments. Our work is a crucial reference for applying APTB as a tuberculosis screening strategy in general hospitals.

Research progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis

Zhou Yinan, Zhu Huili

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  338-342.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220013

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The number of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis is increasing. The coexistence and interaction of the two diseases bring difficulties to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, increasing the disease burden and the risk of death. This article reviewed the risk factors of COPD combined with pulmonary tuberculosis, the clinical characteristics of the combination of the two diseases, the differential diagnosis between COPD and pulmonary tuberculosis related obstructive pulmonary disease, and the prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Research progress of the clinical value of applying T lymphocyte subsets examination in COVID-19 patients

Chen Muxing, Fan Xinxin, Chen Xiaohong, Lin Youfei, Huang Mingxiang, Chen Lizhou, Wu Di

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(4):  343-346.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220066

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As a new viral infectious disease, COVID-19 has a very high infectivity and pathogenicity. Its pathogenesis is complex, and the human immune response induced resistance to the virus is very critical. T lymphocyte-mediated adaptive immunity plays an important role in virus clearance in the human body, and immune function getting impaired can also promote rapid progression of the disease. Therefore, we summarized and expounded the characteristic of changes of T lymphocyte subsets and the clinical significance of testing them in COVID-19 patients, to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognostic judgment.