Abstract:

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is to transplant the original hematopoietic cells into the patient’s body to reconstruction the hematopoietic cells and immune cells. In addition to blood diseases, the indications also include congenital genetic diseases such as primary immunodeficiency diseases. Patients with primary immunodeficiency disease are prone to tuberculosis. They are often susceptible to BCG and nontuberculous mycobacterium, which can spread throughout the body and threaten their lives. Severe combined immunodeficiency disease, chronic granulomatosis and Mendelian susceptible mycobacterial disease are the primary immunodeficiency diseases most prone to BCG related complications, which can be cured by HSCT. Patients with active tuberculosis before HSCT should receive anti-tuberculosis drugs, and control tuberculosis before transplantation as much as possible if the primary condition is controllable. Patients with HSCT have a high risk of tuberculosis. It is recommended that all the patients who are waiting for HSCT should be screened for latent tuberculosis infection before transplantation, and the positive patients should be treated with preventive anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Key words: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Tuberculosis, Primary immunodeficiency disease