Table of Content

20 June 2022, Volume 3 Issue 3

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Original Articles

Analysis of prognostic factors of pulmonary infection after 2 weeks of treatment in hospitalized elderly stroke patients

WANG Lin, SHEN Xue-qing, YAN Ting-ting

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(3):  181-186.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220056

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Objective: To analyze the prognostic factors of pulmonary infection in hospitalized elderly stroke patients. Methods: The medical records of 1365 elderly stroke patients hospitalized in The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and the general demographic data, disease data and rehabilitation treatment data of 236 elderly patients with pulmonary infection were analyzed. According to the chest CT imaging data at 2 weeks of treatment, 179 patients (75.85%) had improved pulmonary infection (improved group), and 57 patients (24.15%) had not improved pulmonary infection (not improved group). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed for 17 factors of the two groups: sex, age, education level, smoking history, course and diagnostic type of stroke, complications (diabetes and underlying pulmonary diseases), swallowing disorder, cognitive impairment, BMI, blood albumin, blood hemoglobin, spontaneous cough and sputum excretion ability, lying-bed time, lung rehabilitation training time and gastrointestinal injury. Results: Univariable logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant differences of improvement rate of pulmonary infection in patients with or without age ≥80 years old (72.22% (13/18) and 27.78% (5/18)), swallowing disorder (70.31% (90/128) and 29.69% (38/128)), cognitive impairment (64.49% (69/107) and 35.51% (38/107)), combining with basic lung diseases (54.55% (12/22) and 45.45% (10/22)), no ability of spontaneous cough and sputum excretion (64.06% (41/64) and 35.94% (23/64)), lung rehabilitation training time <2 h/d (56.10% (23/41) and 43.90% (18/41)) and gastrointestinal function impaired (73.33% (66/90) and 26.67% (24/90))(χ² values were 6.255, 4.679, 17.793, 4.402, 6.658, 10.565 and 11.303 respectively, and all values of P were <0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors affecting the prognosis of pulmonary infection in hospitalized elderly stroke patients were cognitive impairment (OR(95%CI)=4.073 (1.904-8.714)), combined with basic lung diseases (OR(95%CI)=2.940 (1.010-8.560)), lung rehabilitation training time <2 h/d (OR(95%CI) =3.010 (1.258-7.203)),no ability of spontaneous cough and sputum excretion (OR(95%CI)=0.195 (0.093-0.406)). Conclusion: In order to improve the prognosis of pulmonary infection, preventive and control measures should be proactively taken for elderly stroke patients with pulmonary infection who have cognitive impairment, complicated with basic pulmonary diseases, no ability of spontaneous cough and sputum excretion, and whose pulmonary rehabilitation time is less than 2 h/d.

Influence of Internet of Things combined with multidisciplinary diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation nursing model for recovery of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

ZHAO Hong, GAO Xiao-li, GUO Bei-bei, LYU Sha

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(3):  187-192.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220046

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Objective: To investigate Internet of Things (IoT) combined with multi-disciplinary diagnosis, treatment (MDT) and rehabilitation nursing model for recovery of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: From May to December 2019,a prospective study was conducted in 83 COPD patients who were diagnosed and hospitalized in Hebei Chest Hospital (control group); and 83 COPD patients diagnosed and hospitalized from June to November 2020 were included as observation group. The control group received conventional lung rehabilitation nursing measures, and the observation group received IoT combined with MDT rehabilitation nursing mode for lung rehabilitation management on the basis of conventional nursing. Blood gas analysis indexes, lung function indexes, anxiety score, depression score, Barthel score, health knowledge score, length of stay and nursing satisfaction at discharge were compared between the two groups at admission and 6 months after discharge follow-up. Results: The length of hospitalization in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group ((10.28±2.44) d vs. (19.67±1.27) d; t=6.054, P=0.011). Nursing satisfaction at discharge was similar between the two groups (59.04% (49/83) vs. 53.01% (44/83), χ²=3.254, P=0.434). Six months after discharge, oxygen partial pressure ((9.41±0.11) kPa), forced expiratory volume in the first second (1.90 (1.72, 2.21) L), FEV₁/FVC ((66.86±4.52) %), maximum expiratory flow (3.95 (3.70, 4.02) L/s) and Barthel score (73.59±10.49) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ((8.84±0.32) kPa, 1.43 (1.17, 1.62) L, (61.74±3.59) %, 3.27 (2.85, 3.64) L/s, 68.73±12.37), the differences were statistically significant (t=12.235, P=0.032; U=-7.654, P=0.000; t=-8.081, P=0.000; U=15.327, P=0.003; t=2.730, P=0.007), the PaCO₂ ((5.13±0.57) kPa), anxiety score (10.28±2.13) and depression score (10.27±0.44) of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group ((5.64±0.81) kPa, 19.45±5.11, and 16.27±2.11, respectively), the differences were statistically significant (t=11.251, P=0.041; t=15.090, P=0.000; t=25.361, P=0.000). Conclusion: For COPD patients, developing standardized pulmonary rehabilitation strategy for recovery intervention through combining IoT with MDT rehabilitation nursing mode, could significantly improve emotion, quality of life, the symptoms of dyspnea, reduce the impact of the disease on patients, and shorten the length of hospital stay.

Analysis of influencing factors of premonitory sadness in lung cancer patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis

GONG Dao-min, ZHU Ling, TIAN Tian, ZHONG Zhen

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(3):  193-197.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220053

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Objective: To investigate the status of premonitory sadness in lung cancer patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis, and the influencing factors. Methods: A total of 88 lung cancer patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital from June 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021 were selected as the subjects. The patients were evaluated by general condition questionnaire, the preparatory grief in advanced cancer patients (PGAC), social support rating scale (SSRS), and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and functional assessment of cancer therapy (Chinese version)(FACT-G), the relevant influencing factors were analyzed. Results: The total PGAC score was (58.27±6.45), SSRS score, HADS score and FACT-G score were (36.85±8.41), (10.22±5.78) and (50.18±4.28), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that scores of social support (dimensions: 17.76±4.85, 9.12±2.34, 8.68±1.22; total score: 36.85±8.41, respectively) and quality of life (50.18±4.28) were significantly negatively correlated with total score (58.27±6.45) of PGAC dimensions (r=-0.435, P<0.001; r=-0.398, P=0.008; r=-0.520, P<0.001; r=-0.484, P<0.001; r=-0.476, P<0.001), and scores of anxiety and depression were significantly positively correlated with scores of PGAC and total scores of PGAC dimensions (r=0.590, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational level (junior college or below), social support (<36.85±8.41), anxiety and depression (>10.22±5.78), and quality of life (<50.18±4.28) were the main influencing factors of premonitory sadness (t=3.043, P=0.032; t=3.844, P=0.010; t=4.843, P=0.004; t=3.754, P=0.012). Conclusion: The premonitory sadness of lung cancer patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis is above medium level. Clinical nursing should provide psychological intervention to patients with low educational level and social support and heavy anxiety and depression, so as to reduce the occurrence of premonitory sadness.

Analysis of the effect of preemptive analgesia combined with nursing intervention on postoperative analgesia for pulmonary tuberculosis

XU Cui-ling, JIANG Yu-hui, XU Fang

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(3):  198-202.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220049

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Objective: To investigate the effect of preemptive analgesia combined with nursing intervention on postoperative analgesia for pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 67 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital from 2020 to 2021 and met the inclusion criteria. All the patients underwent chest surgery. According to the order of single and double numbers during pre-examination on the date of admission, the patients were divided into observation group (n=34, preemptive analgesia nursing) and the control group (n=33, routine nursing),and were placed in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ of the ward, respectively. The Numerical rating scale,Quality of care satisfaction questionnaire and the Symptoms of the self-assessment scale (SCL-90) were used to compare the postoperative analgesic effect of the two groups, and the occurrence of adverse reactions during the nursing period and the satisfaction with nursing. Results: The incidence of pain after intervention in the observation group (47.1% (16/34)) was significantly lower than that in the control group (51.5% (17/33)), and the nursing satisfaction (88.2% (30/34)) was significantly higher than that of the control group (66.7% (22/33)), the difference were statistically significant (χ²=7.213, P=0.013; χ²=4.483, P=0.031). During the different care interventions, the incidences of defecation difficulty, poor sleep and loss of appetite in the observation group (5.9% (2/34), 8.8% (3/34) and 14.7% (5/34), respectively) were significantly lower than those in the control group (36.4% (12/33), 39.4% (13/33) and 39.4% (13/33)), the difference were statistically significant (χ²=9.413, P=0.001; χ²=9.609, P=0.001; χ²=5.194, P=0.022, respectively). Conclusion: Preemptive analgesia combined with nursing intervention for patients after thoracotomy for tuberculosis has a significant effect on reducing postoperative pain, improving their psychological and living conditions, and improving nursing satisfaction, and has high clinical application value.

Study on the identification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptom clusters and their subgroups

XU Yan-song, LIU Qing-hua, QIU Xiao-ting

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(3):  203-208.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220016

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Objective: To determine the composition of symptom clusters according to the incidence of different symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Based on the intensity of experiences for different symptoms in patients within symptom clusters, we can identify the subgroups of symptom clusters and provide ideas for developing personalized clinical management strategies. Methods: A total of 165 COPD patients hospitalized in Zaozhuang Tumour Hospital of Shandong Province from August 2020 to August 2021 were selected. General data questionnaire and Memory symptom rating scale were used to investigate the severity of symptoms. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to analyze the composition of symptom clusters based on symptoms with incidences of 30% or more, and systematic cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups of each symptom cluster based on the score of the obtained symptom clusters. A total of 165 questionnaires were issued with convenience sampling method, and all of them were effectively retrieved. Results: The five most common symptoms in hospitalized COPD patients were shortness of breath (87.27%, 144/165), cough (84.85%,140/165), anenergia (57.58%,95/165), dry mouth (51.52%,85/165), drowsy (46.06%,76/165). Factor analysis identified three symptom clusters: affective symptom cluster, cough-fatigue symptom cluster and pain-shortness of breath symptom cluster, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 56.34%. Cluster analysis showed that there were differences in symptom experiences among patients in the three symptom clusters, and two symptom sub-groups were identified for each symptom cluster. Conclusion: COPD patients experience complex symptoms that are correlated and present as clusters of symptoms. Patients experience different intensities of symptoms in the cluster, which can be divided into subgroups for symptom clusters. The identification of symptom clusters and their subgroups can provide a basis for medical staff to comprehensively evaluate the condition and formulate individualized intervention measures in advance, thus promote the recovery of patients to a greater extent.

Analysis of the characteristics of the composition of respiratory pathogens and its influencing factors in patients hospitalized with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

XIAN Shao-jing, CHEN Yan, MA Yi-ming, LUO Li-juan, LONG Ying-jiao

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(3):  209-215.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220001

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Objective: To investigate the characteristics of the composition of respiratory pathogens in patients hospitalized with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods: The clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of 1251 patients admitted to the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, from January 2016 to December 2019 who were hospitalized with COPD and underwent sputum culture examination were collected to summarize the characteristics of the composition of pathogenic bacteria and to compare the differences in clinical characteristics between the sputum-positive and sputum-negative groups of patients,to analyze the risk factors of sputum positive. Results: There were 1353 specimens sent for examination, and the positive detection rate was 35.33% (478/1353). The detected pathogens were mainly Gram-negative bacteria (52.51%, 251/478) and fungi (43.72%, 209/478), among which the five Gram-negative bacteria with the highest detection rate were Acinetobacter baumannii (21.51%, 54/251), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.12%, 53/251), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.12%, 48/251), Acinetobacter maltophilia (14.34%, 36/251), and Haemophilus influenzae (5.58%, 14/251); the fungi were 128 strains of Candida (61.24%) and 81 strains of Aspergillus (38.76%). Univariate analysis showed that detection of pathogenic bacteria in COPD patients was associated with age, history of acute exacerbation in previous 1-year, pre-admission hormone use, BMI (body mass index), CAT (COPD assessment test), mMRC (modified British medical research council) and FEV₁%pre (expected value of expiratory volume in 1 second with force). Multifactorial analysis showed that abnormal BMI was an independent risk factor for the detection of pathogenic bacteria (OR=3.158, 95%CI=1.503-6.634). Conclusion: Patients hospitalized with COPD were prone to getting combined Gram-negative bacterial infections. For patients with abnormal BMI, pathogenic investigations should be taken proactively.

Clinical characteristics of 18 cases of tuberculous posterior uveitis

ZHANG Yan-kun, GUAN Yan, HAN Zhao, ZHANG Zhi-hua

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(3):  216-221.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220044

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Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of tuberculous posterior uveitis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 18 patients diagnosed of tuberculous posterior uveitis in Hebei Chest Hospital from May 2018 to June 2020. All the patients accepted standardized treatment and the clinical data were collected, the clinical characteristics were descriptively analyzed. Results: The 18 patients were all newly treated,and 16 cases had delayed visit of 14-90 days. Only 1 patient had a history of close contact to tuberculosis. According to the multimodal examination of OCT, FFA and fundus photography, they were diagnosed as choroidal nodules (n=8, 44.4%), choroidal tuberculoma (n=5, 27.8%), subretinal abscess (n=3, 16.7%) and creeping choroiditis (n=2, 11.1%). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased in 16 cases (88.9%); T-SPOT TB test was found positive in 18 cases; as to PPD test, 9 cases were generally positive (mean diameter of induration 10-19 mm) and 9 cases were strongly positive (mean diameter of induration ≥20 mm); of the 5 cases tested with mNGS in the aqueous humor, the diagnosis was confirmed in one pregnancy case by detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of the 12 cases (66.7%) who complicated with hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis, 7 were also complicated with tuberculous meningitis, 2 were complicated with spinal tuberculosis, 2 were complicated with splenic tuberculosis, and 1 was complicated with brain tuberculoma; of them, 7 were positive for acid fast bacilli sputum smear, 6 cases were positive for GeneXpert MTB/RIF in diseased tissue, and the pathology of spine and spleen were positive. There were 6 cases (33.3%) were with simple eye lesions, without any general symptoms, and the main symptom was decreased vision; the visual acuity of 3 patients with macular lesions decreased seriously, and the diagnosis was made after tuberculosis, ophthalmic related examination and experimental anti-tuberculosis treatment were effective. For 16 patients treated with anti-tuberculous drugs combined with corticosteroids, and 2 patients who complicated with choroidal neovascularization and treated with anti-tuberculous drugs combined with glucocorticoids, as well as anti-neovascular endothelial growth factor, the visual acuity was improved and stabilized. Conclusion: Tuberculous posterior uveitis always has no related contact and treatment history of tuberculosis, and it is easy for it to delay visit and miss diagnosis. Ophthalmic multimodal imaging examination is helpful to the clinical classification of tuberculous posterior uveitis. Tuberculosis related examination is of great significance to the diagnosis of tuberculous posterior uveitis. Molecular biology and pathological examination can help to find the etiological basis, and systemic imaging examination can early detect the spread of tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculous drugs combined with corticosteroids have good therapeutic effect. If necessary, anti-neovascular endothelial growth factor drugs can be injected into vitreous cavity.

Application of anti-neovascular endothelial growth factor therapy in tuberculous chorioretinopathy: a case report and literature review

ZHANG Yan-kun, GUAN Yan, ZHAI Jing-jie, HAN Zhao

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(3):  222-226.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220043

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Objective: To explore the effect of anti-neovascular endothelial growth factor therapy in patients of tuberculous chorioretinopathy with choroidal neovascularization in intraocular tuberculosis. Methods: A 17-year-old girl with intraocular tuberculosis and systemic tuberculosis infection admitted to Hebei Chest Hospital in February 2019 was retrospectively analyzed, including the improvement of various indicators and the improvement of macular tuberculosis. PubMed database was searched using “ocular tuberculosis” and “choroidal neovascularization” as keywords; Wanfang, VIP and CNKI were searched using “ocular tuberculosis” and “choroidal neovascularization” as the search terms. Review the retrieved literature, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of tuberculous chorioretinopathy and treatment measures of choroidal neovascularization were analyzed. Results: The 17-year-old patient was female, with the main manifestation of unclear vision in the right eye for 4 months. She was first diagnosed in the Ophthalmology Department of Hebei Chest Hospital. After questioning the medical history, it was found that she had systemic symptoms such as intermittent low fever, cough and headache. It was strong positive in the tuberculin skin test, positive in the gamma interferon release test, and the final diagnosis was acute hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis, choroidal tuberculoma in the right eye with choroidal neovascularization and choroidal nodule in the left eye. In view of the tuberculous uveitis, 17 relevant literatures were retrieved, including 2 literatures of intraocular tuberculosis combined with choroidal neovascularization. A total of 9 patients were included. The fundus lesions were observed by optical coherence tomography. Three patients improved after simple anti-neovascularization intravitreal therapy, but recurrent. Nine patients underwent systemic anti-tuberculosis treatment and combined treatment of corticosteroids and anti-neovascularization, there was no recurrence or deterioration of intraocular tuberculosis and choroidal neovascularization. Conclusion: Standard treatment of intraocular tuberculosis patients complicated with choroidal neovascularization requires a combination of systemic anti-tuberculosis drugs, corticosteroids, and local intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, which can effectively control the infection and the development of tuberculous choroidal neovascularization. After standardized treatment, the recovery of anatomy and function of fundus lesions can avoid blindness caused by intraocular tuberculosis.

Clinical characteristics of 15 cases of central nervous system tuberculosis complicated with cerebral endarteritis

HAN Wei-xin, ZHAO Li-ming, CHENG Shan-shan, MENG Yi-zhe, CHEN Yan-qiang

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(3):  227-230.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220040

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Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of central nervous system tuberculosis complicated with cerebral arteritis, and to improve the understanding of it. Methods: The clinical data of 15 cases of central nervous system tuberculosis admitted to Hebei Chest Hospital from April 2019 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent head MRI plain scan+MRI enhanced scan+cerebral magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The basic data, disease history, clinical manifestations, results of laboratory and etiological examinations, and imaging characteristics of those patients were analyzed. Results: Fifteen patients with central nervous system tuberculosis were all complicated with tuberculosis in other organs, including 10 cases complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis, 2 cases with bone joint tuberculosis, 2 cases with tuberculous pleurisy, 1 case with lumbar tuberculosis, 3 cases with lymph node tuberculosis and 1 case with tuberculous retinopathy. The most common clinical manifestations in the early stage of onset were headache with fever (12 cases), allophasis, disorders of consciousness (3 cases), and even physical mobility impairment (1 case). Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed that the intracranial pressure increased in 12 cases (>200 mm H₂O), the protein level was significantly higher than normal in 11 cases, the leukocyte count increased in 9 cases (>100×10⁶/L), the glucose decreased in 8 cases and the chloride decreased in 7 cases. Among the 15 patients, 14 cases were found to be having intracranial artery stenosis by cranial MRA, and 13 cases had cerebral infarction. At the time of discharge, conditions of all patients were significantly improved, but 2 patients had obvious sequelae such as physical mobility and cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Central nervous system tuberculosis complicated with endarteritis can lead to cerebral infarction, which often involves the branches of perforating branches and terminal branches of the cerebral cortex, and can also lead to intracranial artery stenosis. Therefore, in the course of diagnosis and treatment, vascular and neuroprotective therapy shall be provided at early stage.

Analysis of active detection of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2020

LEI Yu, WU Gui-feng, WANG Ting, LIN Ying, DU Yu-hua

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(3):  231-235.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220055

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Objective: To analyze the the status of active detection of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2020, and provide suggestions for pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control in schools. Methods: The total number of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in schools were collected from 2017 to 2020, as well as the gender, age, school distribution, disease classification, time of onset, detection methods and other data of the patients were collected from “Tuberculosis Information Management System”, the sub-systems of “China Disease Control and Prevention Information Management System”. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the detection rate, distribution characteristics and delay of pulmonary tuberculosis in students from two active detection methods, physical examination and close contact screening. Results: From 2017 to 2020, 316 and 175 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were found through physical examination and close contact screening in Guangzhou, the detection rates were 29.92/100000 (316/1055991) and 135.40/100000 (175/129242) respectively, which were significantly higher than the overall detection rate among student in the same period (16.76/100000 (2054/12258359))(χ²=94.731, P<0.001; and χ²=1000.774, P<0.001, respectively). The school type distribution of cases were 5 (1.58%, 5/316) at primary school or below, 44 (13.92%, 44/316) at junior middle schools, 157 (49.68%, 157/316) at senior middle schools and 110 (34.81%, 110/316) at college or above found in health examination, and were 6 (3.43%, 6/175), 10 (5.71%, 10/175), 61 (34.86%, 61/175) and 98 (56.00%, 98/175) found by close contact screening. The median delay time of cases found in physical examination and close contact screening were 24.00 (10.00, 55.75) d and 18.00 (6.00, 40.00) d, respectively. The delay rates were 31.01% (98/316) and 25.71% (45/175), respectively, both were significantly lower than the overall delay rate (40.56% (833/2054);χ²=11.424, P<0.01; χ²=15.708, P<0.01). Conclusion: The high detection rate and short detection time of tuberculosis were found in the active detection method of physical examination and close contact screening. The implementation of relevant measures should be actively promoted and improved.

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among nonlocal people in Songjiang District of Shanghai City from 2010 to 2019

ZOU Jin-yan, LU Li-ping, LI Yong, LI Jin

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(3):  236-241.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220019

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Objective: To improve the tuberculosis prevention and control management of nonlocal people by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of nonlocal pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in Songjiang District of Shanghai City during 2010-2019. Methods: The data of nonlocal PTB patients in Songjiang District of Shanghai City were extracted from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System with patients’registration dating from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019, and analyzed the epidemic characteristics. To maintain comparability of data across 10 years, patients with tuberculous pleurisy were excluded. Population data was obtained from Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics. Results: The analysis showed that a total of 5611 PTB cases were notified. Among them, 3959 were nonlocal cases, accounting for 70.56% of the total. Their notification incidence rate decreased from 57.01/100000 (346/606900) in 2010 to 31.48/100000 (334/1061100) in 2019, with a decrease of 44.78% and an annual decreasing rate of 5.77%. There were significant difference in the PTB notification incidences among different years ( {\chi }_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}^2=96.355,P<0.05). Notification numbers of patients per month were at a high level from March to August, constituting 9.19% (364/3959) to 10.05% (398/3959) of the total cases, then slowly declined (from 8.44% (334/3959) to 5.99% (237/3959)) to the lowest value in February of the following year (4.07% (161/3959)). Most patients came from Anhui (18.31% (725/3959)), Sichuan (13.54% (536/3959)) and Jiangxi (7.98% (316/3959)) province. In addition, the proportion of notified patients who were workers/housekeepers/unemployed people (64.11% (2538/3959)), detected from referral and follow-up (63.88% (2529/3959)), smear-negative (59.96% (2374/3959)), primary patients (93.71% (3710/3959)) were higher than that of patients who were children/teachers (0.30% (12/3959)), detected from health screening and other approaches (9.02% (357/3959)), smear-positive (40.04% (1585/3959)) and retreatment patients (6.29% (249/3959)) respectively. There were significant difference in the proportion of the above mentioned categories of patients among different years ( {\chi }_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}^2=11.245,22.946,34.739,8.996, all P<0.05). Conclusion: The epidemic of PTB among non-local people in Songjiang District of Shanghai City has steadily declined from 2010 to 2019, demonstrating certain success gained in tuberculosis prevention and control. However, great importance should be attached to the prevention and control of PTB among workers/housekeepers/unemployed people, smear-negative and primary patients.

Review Articles

Research progress on pulmonary rehabilitation care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in stable stage

SI Fen, WANG Lin

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(3):  242-246.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220031

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease with high incidence rate. With progressive development of the disease, the lung function of patients gets impaired, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Pulmonary rehabilitation is the main method of non-drug treatment for COPD patients in stable stage. It can significantly reduce the clinical symptoms and improve quality of life of patients. The author summarized the relevant research on the implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients in stable stage about the theoretical basis, nursing measures, effectiveness assessment and management mode of pulmonary rehabilitation, so as to provide theoretical guidance for the implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD.

Research progress of respiratory rehabilitation nursing in pneumoconiosis patients

YUAN Li-rong, PEI Jun-li, LI Shu-hua

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022, 3(3):  247-250.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20220065

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Pneumoconiosis is one of the most serious and common occupational diseases in China. Pneumoconiosis patients are attractive because of the large number, concentrated distribution and high mortality. Respiratory rehabilitation is of great therapeutic value for pneumoconiosis patients, which can improve respiratory function, delay disease progression, reduce clinical symptoms, and improve the rehabilitation and prognosis of pneumoconiosis. This article reviewed the respiratory rehabilitation in pulmonary function of pneumoconiosis patients.