结核病与肺部健康杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (4): 279-283.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3755.2018.04.011

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

主动健康教育对江油市农村≥65岁老年人口结核病防治知识知晓率的效果分析

曹婕,陈刚(),刘平,李俊,高勇,雷洪林,敬锐,王富友   

  1. 四川省二郎庙镇卫生院行政办公室(王富友)
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-26 出版日期:2018-12-30 发布日期:2019-01-08
  • 通信作者: 陈刚 E-mail:974139803@qq.com

Effect analysis of awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and control among the elderly aged ≥65 years in rural areas of Jiangyou City

Jie CAO,Gang CHEN(),Ping LIU,Jun LI,Yong GAO,Hong-lin LEI,Rui JING,Fu-you WANG   

  1. Administrative Office, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621700, China
  • Received:2018-08-26 Online:2018-12-30 Published:2019-01-08
  • Contact: Gang CHEN E-mail:974139803@qq.com

摘要:

目的 评价开展多形式主动健康教育对农村地区老年人结核病防治核心知识知晓情况的效果。方法 本次研究在2013—2014年结合四川省江油市基本公共卫生服务年度体检项目工作开展2次基线调查时进行。采用整群随机抽样方法抽取江油市的3个农村乡镇(重华镇、厚坝镇、二郎庙镇)为调查点,于2013年7月至2014年7月开展结核病全乡镇多种方式的公众健康宣传教育,采用横断面调查的方法,在面对面入户基线调查前、干预实施1年后,使用统一设计的历年结核病基线调查采用的结核病防治核心知识知晓率问卷对调查点≥65岁常住老年人进行面对面询问调查,以了解干预前后的核心知识知晓情况。结果 结核病核心知识总知晓率干预后(54.66%,15727/28775)较干预前(10.31%,3053/29640)提高了44.35%(χ 2=13168.16,P<0.001);全部知晓率干预后(14.56%,838/5755)较干预前(1.55%,92/5928)提高了13.01%(χ 2=674.53,P<0.001)。男性结核病核心知识总知晓率干预前[12.14%,1766/(2909×5)]、干预后[56.95%,7987/(2805×5)]均高于女性[分别为8.53%,1287/(3019×5);52.47%,7740/(2950×5)](χ 2=104.81,P<0.05;χ 2=58.06,P<0.05);干预前后男性提高了44.81%(χ 2=6375.64,P<0.001),女性提高了43.94%(χ 2=6829.73,P<0.001)。 结论 通过主动开展健康教育能够提高农村地区≥65岁老年人对结核病核心知识的知晓率,促进和改善农村地区老年结核病主动发现的防治工作,是农村地区老年结核病患者提高结核病防治知识的一种不可缺少的重要手段。

关键词: 结核, 农村人口, 老年人, 健康教育, 问卷调查, 结果评价(卫生保健), 小地区分析

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the effect of multi-form active health education on the awareness of the core knowledge of tuberculosis (TB) control among the elderly in rural areas.Methods This study was carried out during 2013-2014 with two baseline surveys combined with the annual physical examination project of basic public health services in Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province. Three rural towns in Jiangyou City (Chonghua Town, Houba Town, Erlangmiao Town) were selected by cluster random sampling method as investigation points, and various forms of public health education on TB was carried out from July 2013 to July 2014. Cross-sectional survey was used. Before the face-to-face household baseline survey and 1 year after the implementation of the intervention, the face-to-face inquiry survey was conducted among the permanent residents aged 65 or above by the unified designed questionnaire on the awareness rate of core knowledge of TB prevention and control used in the annual TB baseline survey to understand the awareness of core knowledge before and after the intervention.Results The total awareness rate of core knowledge on TB was increased by 44.35% after the implementation of the intervention ((54.66% (15727/28775) and 10.31% (3053/29640)) (χ 2=13168.16, P<0.001). After the intervention, the percentage of interviewee who provided correct answers for all core knowledge on TB (14.56%, 838/5755) increased by 13.01% (P<0.001) compared with that before intervention (1.55%, 92/5928)(χ 2=674.53, P<0.001). The total awareness rates of male before (12.14%, 1766/(2909×5)) and after intervention (56.95%, 7987/(2805×5)) were higher than those of female (8.53% (1287/(3019×5)) and 52.47% (7740/(2950×5))) (χ 2=104.81, P<0.05). Before and after the intervention, the awareness rate increased by 44.81%in males (χ 2=6375.64, P<0.001) and 43.94% in females (χ 2=6829.73, P<0.001). Conclusion The active health education can increase the awareness rate of TB core knowledge among the elderly aged ≥65 years old in rural areas, and promote and improve active TB detection in the elderly in rural areas. It is an indispensable and important means for the aged TB patients in rural areas to improve their awareness of TB prevention and control.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Rural population, Aged, Health education, Questionnaires, Outcome assessment (health care), Small-area analysis