结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (3): 371-376.doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250172

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2015—2024年北京市海淀区肺结核患者诊断延迟影响因素分析

李婕, 刘曦(), 华伟玉, 张颖   

  1. 北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心结防科, 北京 100094
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-16 出版日期:2026-06-20 发布日期:2026-06-12
  • 通信作者: 刘曦 E-mail:4673897@qq.com

Analysis of factors affecting the delay in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Haidian District, Beijing, 2015—2024

Li Jie, Liu Xi(), Hua Weiyu, Zhang Ying   

  1. Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Disease Prevention and Control Center of Haidian District, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China
  • Received:2025-11-16 Online:2026-06-20 Published:2026-06-12
  • Contact: Liu Xi E-mail:4673897@qq.com

摘要:

目的: 了解2015—2024年北京市海淀区肺结核患者诊断延迟情况,分析海淀区肺结核患者诊断延迟影响因素,为海淀区肺结核防治策略提供依据。方法: 通过“全民健康信息化疾病预防控制信息系统”的子系统“监测报告管理”中的患者管理模块导出2015—2024年报告现住址为海淀区的肺结核患者信息,采用χ2检验、Kaplan-Meier法、log-rank检验及多因素logistic回归模型分析诊断延迟影响因素。结果: 2015—2024年共报告7769例现住海淀区的肺结核患者,诊断肺结核的中位时间是20(6, 45)d,诊断中位时间由2015年的20d降至2024年的18d。存在诊断延迟的患者3085例,诊断延迟率为39.71%(3085/7769)。2015年至2024年,诊断延迟率由40.80%下降为36.50%(${\chi }_{\mathrm{趋}\mathrm{势}}^{2}$=23.518, P<0.01)。与工人相比,家务及待业(OR=1.322,95%CI:1.072~1.629)的诊断延迟风险更高。在病原学诊断中,相对于无病原学结果的患者,病原学阴性(OR=1.192,95%CI:1.056~1.346)是诊断延迟的危险因素。与2015—2017年期间相比,2021—2024年期间患者诊断延迟风险较低(OR=0.783,95%CI:0.697~0.878)。结论: 2015—2024年海淀区肺结核患者诊断延迟情况有所下降,病原学阴性、家务及待业是肺结核患者诊断延迟的主要危险因素。

关键词: 结核,肺, 诊断延迟, 危险因素

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the situation of diagnostic delay among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in Haidian District from 2015 to 2024 and analyze the influencing factors, to provide evidences for tuberculosis prevention and control strategies in Haidian District. Methods: The data of PTB patients with current residential address in Haidian District reported from 2015 to 2024 were exported from the case management module in the Surveillance Report Management System of the China Information System for Disease Prevention and Control. The influencing factors of diagnostic delay were analyzed by using the χ2 test, Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 7769 PTB patients with current residence in Haidian District were reported from 2015 to 2024. The median diagnostic delay was 20 (6, 45) d, which decreased from 20 d in 2015 to 18 d in 2024. There were 3085 patients with diagnostic delay, with the rate of 39.71% (3085/7769). The delay rate decreased from 40.80% in 2015 to 36.50% in 2024 (${\chi }_{trend}^{2}$=23.518, P<0.01). Compared with workers, household duties/unemployed individuals (OR=1.322,95%CI:1.072-1.629) had a higher risk of diagnostic delay. Compared with patients without bacteriological results, bacteriologically negative (OR=1.192,95%CI:1.056-1.346) was risk factor for diagnostic delay. Compared with the period 2015—2017, patients diagnosed during the period 2021—2024 had a lower risk of delay (OR=0.783,95%CI:0.697-0.878). Conclusion: The diagnostic delay among PTB patients in Haidian District showed a decreasing trend from 2015 to 2024. Bacteriologically negative, household duties/unemployment were identified as the main risk factors for diagnostic delay.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Delayed diagnosis, Risk factors

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