慢性阻塞性肺疾病与合并症

doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230097

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种慢性气道炎症性疾病,其特征是气流受限和气道阻塞。COPD常伴随很多合并症,这些合并症会影响COPD患者的急性加重、预后及死亡,因此,研究COPD的合并症对于改善患者的生活质量和预后具有重要意义。笔者对COPD相关合并症的发病率、发生机制及治疗进行综述,以期进一步深入认识COPD合并症的发生、发展及诊治方法。

关键词: 肺疾病, 慢性阻塞性, 共病现象, 治疗学

Abstract:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airflow limitation and airway obstruction. COPD often co-exists with other systemic diseases that have an effect on the acute exacerbation, poor prognosis and increasing mortality in COPD patients. Thus, studying the comorbidities of COPD is of great significance for improving patients’ quality of life and prognosis. We reviewed the incidence, mechanism and treatment of COPD-associated comorbidities in order to provide further understanding of the diseases.

Key words: Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, Comorbidity, Therapeutics

中图分类号:

R563

罗晨阳, 何志义. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病与合并症[J]. 结核与肺部疾病杂志, 2023, 4(5): 407-412. doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230097

Luo Chenyang, He Zhiyi. Comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2023, 4(5): 407-412. doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230097

参考文献 63

[1]	Cieza A, Causey K, Kamenov K, et al. Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 2021, 396(10267): 2006-2017. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32340-0. pmid: 33275908
[2]	World Health Organization. Global Health Estimates 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2022.
[3]	Uliński R, Kwiecień I, Domagała-Kulawik J. Lung Cancer in the Course of COPD-Emerging Problems Today. Cancers (Basel), 2022, 14(15): 3819. doi:10.3390/cancers14153819.
[4]	Hecht SS. Lung carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke. Int J Cancer, 2012, 131(12): 2724-2732. doi:10.1002/ijc.27816. pmid: 22945513
[5]	Aloe C, Wang H, Vlahos R, et al. Emerging and multifaceted role of neutrophils in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res, 2021, 10(6): 2806-2818. doi:10.21037/tlcr-20-760.
[6]	Fathinavid A, Ghobadi MZ, Najafi A, et al. Identification of common microRNA between COPD and non-small cell lung cancer through pathway enrichment analysis. BMC Genom Data, 2021, 22(1): 41. doi:10.1186/s12863-021-00986-z. pmid: 34635059
[7]	Agustí A, Celli BR, Criner GJ, et al. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary. Eur Respir J, 2023, 61(4):2300239. doi:10.1183/13993003.00239-2023.
[8]	Santos NCD, Miravitlles M, Camelier AA, et al. Prevalence and Impact of Comorbidities in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul), 2022, 85(3): 205-220. doi:10.4046/trd.2021.0179.
[9]	Clofent D, álvarez A, Traversi L, et al. Comorbidities and mortality risk factors for patients with bronchiectasis. Expert Rev Respir Med, 2021, 15(5): 623-634. doi:10.1080/17476348.2021.1886084.
[10]	Budden KF, Shukla SD, Rehman SF, et al. Functional effects of the microbiota in chronic respiratory disease. Lancet Respir Med, 2019, 7(10): 907-920. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30510-1. pmid: 30975495
[11]	Sobala R, De Soyza A. Bronchiectasis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome. Clin Chest Med, 2022, 43(1): 61-70. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2021.11.005. pmid: 35236561
[12]	Choi Y, Shin SH, Lee H, et al. Favorable Response to Long-Term Azithromycin Therapy in Bronchiectasis Patients with Chronic Airflow Obstruction Compared to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients without Bronchiectasis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2021, 16: 855-863. doi:10.2147/COPD.S292297.
[13]	Hikichi M, Hashimoto S, Gon Y. Asthma and COPD overlap pathophysiology of ACO. Allergol Int, 2018, 67(2): 179-186. doi:10.1016/j.alit.2018.01.001. pmid: 29550368
[14]	Menezes AMB, Montes de Oca M, Pérez-Padilla R, et al. Increased risk of exacerbation and hospitalization in subjects with an overlap phenotype: COPD-asthma. Chest, 2014, 145(2): 297-304. doi:10.1378/chest.13-0622. pmid: 24114498
[15]	Papaporfyriou A, Bartziokas K, Gompelmann D, et al. Cardiovascular Diseases in COPD: From Diagnosis and Prevalence to Therapy. Life (Basel), 2023, 13(6):1299. doi:10.3390/life13061299.
[16]	Shnoda M, Gajjar K, Ivanova V. COPD and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Association, Interrelationship, and Basic Principles for Integrated Management. Crit Care Nurs Q, 2021, 44(1): 91-102. doi:10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000342. pmid: 33234862
[17]	Linden F, Domschke G, Erbel C, et al. Inflammatory therapeutic targets in coronary atherosclerosis-from molecular biology to clinical application. Front Physiol, 2014, 5: 455. doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00455. pmid: 25484870
[18]	Boschetto P, Beghé B, Fabbri LM, et al. Link between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease: implication for clinical practice. Respirology, 2012, 17(3): 422-431. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.02118.x. pmid: 22142519
[19]	Almagro P, López García F, Cabrera FJ, et al. Comorbidity and gender-related differences in patients hospitalized for COPD. The ECCO study. Respir Med, 2010, 104(2): 253-259. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2009.09.019. pmid: 19879744
[20]	Yang YL, Xiang ZJ, Yang JH, et al. Association of β-blocker use with survival and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J, 2020, 41(46): 4415-4422. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa793. pmid: 33211823
[21]	Walsh A, Perrem L, Khashan AS, et al. Statins versus placebo for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019, 7(7): CD011959. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011959.pub2.
[22]	Cazzola M, Rogliani P, Calzetta L, et al. Targeting Mechanisms Linking COPD to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Trends Pharmacol Sci, 2017, 38(10): 940-951. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2017.07.003. pmid: 28784329
[23]	Gudmundsson G, Ulrik CS, Gislason T, et al. Long-term survival in patients hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective observational study in the Nordic countries. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2012, 7: 571-576. doi:10.2147/COPD.S34466.
[24]	Baker EH, Janaway CH, Philips BJ, et al. Hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 2006, 61(4): 284-289. doi:10.1136/thx.2005.051029. pmid: 16449265
[25]	Khateeb J, Fuchs E, Khamaisi M. Diabetes and Lung Disease: A Neglected Relationship. Rev Diabet Stud, 2019, 15: 1-15. doi:10.1900/RDS.2019.15.1. pmid: 30489598
[26]	Katsiki N, Steiropoulos P, Papanas N, et al. Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Overview. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes, 2021, 129(10): 699-704. doi:10.1055/a-1038-3883.
[27]	Watz H, Waschki B, Kirsten A, et al. The metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic bronchitis and COPD: frequency and associated consequences for systemic inflammation and physical inactivity. Chest, 2009, 136(4): 1039-46. doi:10.1378/chest.09-0393. pmid: 19542257
[28]	Clini E, Crisafulli E, Radaeli A, et al. COPD and the metabolic syndrome: an intriguing association. Intern Emerg Med, 2013, 8(4): 283-289. doi:10.1007/s11739-011-0700-x. pmid: 21964838
[29]	Chan SMH, Selemidis S, Bozinovski S, et al. Pathobiological mechanisms underlying metabolic syndrome (MetS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): clinical significance and therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Ther, 2019, 198: 160-188. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.013.
[30]	Minas M, Kostikas K, Papaioannou AI, et al. The association of metabolic syndrome with adipose tissue hormones and insulin resistance in patients with COPD without co-morbidities. COPD, 2011, 8(6): 414-420. doi:10.3109/15412555.2011.619600. pmid: 22149401
[31]	García-Olmos L, Alberquilla A, Ayala V, et al. Comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in family practice: a cross sectional study. BMC Fam Pract, 2013, 14: 11. doi:10.1186/1471-2296-14-11. pmid: 23324308
[32]	Miłkowska-Dymanowska J, Białas AJ, Laskowska P, et al. Thyroid gland in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Adv Respir Med, 2017, 85(1): 28-34. doi:10.5603/ARM.2017.0006. pmid: 28198991
[33]	Karadag F, Ozcan H, Karul AB, et al. Correlates of non-thyroidal illness syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med, 2007, 101(7): 1439-1446. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2007.01.016.
[34]	Akpınar EE. An underestimated comorbidity of COPD: Thyroid dysfunction. Tuberk Toraks, 2019, 67(2): 131-135. doi:10.5578/tt.68257. pmid: 31414644
[35]	Martínez-Gestoso S, García-Sanz MT, Carreira JM, et al. Impact of anxiety and depression on the prognosis of copd exacerbations. BMC Pulm Med, 2022, 22(1): 169. doi:10.1186/s12890-022-01934-y. pmid: 35488330
[36]	Verhoeven JE, Penninx BWJH, Milaneschi Y. Unraveling the association between depression and telomere length using genomics. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2019, 102: 121-127. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.029. pmid: 30544003
[37]	Xu K, Li X. Risk Factors for Depression in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Med Sci Monit, 2018, 24: 1417-1423. doi:10.12659/msm.904969.
[38]	Pumar MI, Gray CR, Walsh JR, et al. Anxiety and depression-Important psychological comorbidities of COPD. J Thorac Dis, 2014, 6(11): 1615-1631. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.09.28. pmid: 25478202
[39]	Rahi MS, Thilagar B, Balaji S, et al. The Impact of Anxiety and Depression in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Adv Respir Med, 2023, 91(2): 123-134. doi:10.3390/arm91020011. pmid: 36960961
[40]	Ma RC, Yin YY, Wang YQ, et al. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2020, 38: 101071. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.101071.
[41]	Pollok J, van Agteren JE, Esterman AJ, et al. Psychological therapies for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019, 3(3): CD012347. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012347.pub2.
[42]	Pollok J, van Agteren JE, Carson-Chahhoud KV. Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018, 12(12): CD012346. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012346.pub2.
[43]	Fritzsche A, Clamor A, von Leupoldt A. Effects of medical and psychological treatment of depression in patients with COPD--a review. Respir Med, 2011, 105(10): 1422-1433. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2011.05.014. pmid: 21680167
[44]	Rutten EPA, Lenaerts K, Buurman WA, et al. Disturbed intestinal integrity in patients with COPD: effects of activities of daily living. Chest, 2014, 145(2): 245-252. doi:10.1378/chest.13-0584. pmid: 23928850
[45]	Vaughan A, Frazer ZA, Hansbro PM, et al. COPD and the gut-lung axis: the therapeutic potential of fibre. J Thorac Dis, 2019, 11(Suppl 17): S2173-S2180. doi:10.21037/jtd.2019.10.40.
[46]	Rutten EP, Spruit MA, Franssen FM, et al. GI symptoms in patients with COPD. Chest, 2014, 145(6): 1437-1438. doi:10.1378/chest.14-0285. pmid: 24889455
[47]	Su VY, Liao HF, Perng DW, et al. Proton pump inhibitors use is associated with a lower risk of acute exacerbation and mortality in patients with coexistent COPD and GERD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2018, 13: 2907-2915. doi:10.2147/COPD.S157761.
[48]	Chen W, FitzGerald JM, Sin DD, et al. Excess economic burden of comorbidities in COPD: a 15-year population-based study. Eur Respir J, 2017, 50(1): 1700393. doi:10.1183/13993003.00393-2017.
[49]	Mapel D. Renal and hepatobiliary dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 2014, 20(2): 186-193. doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000024. pmid: 24370540
[50]	Madouros N, Jarvis S, Saleem A, et al. Is There an Association Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Renal Failure? Cureus, 2022, 14(6): e26149. doi:10.7759/cureus.26149.
[51]	AbdelHalim HA, AboElNaga HH. Is Renal Impairment an Anticipated COPD Comorbidity? Respir Care, 2016, 61(9): 1201-1206. doi:10.4187/respcare.04516. pmid: 27118874
[52]	Plesner LL, Warming PE, Nielsen TL, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis. Hemodial Int, 2016, 20(1): 68-77. doi:10.1111/hdi.12342. pmid: 26245152
[53]	John M, Lange A, Hoernig S, et al. Prevalence of anemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: comparison to other chronic diseases. Int J Cardiol, 2006, 111(3): 365-370. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.07.043. pmid: 16242192
[54]	John M, Hoernig S, Doehner W, et al. Anemia and inflammation in COPD. Chest, 2005, 127(3): 825-829. doi:10.1378/chest.127.3.825. pmid: 15764763
[55]	Xu Y, Hu T, Ding H, et al. Effects of anemia on the survival of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Respir Med, 2020, 14(12): 1267-1277. doi:10.1080/17476348.2020.1816468.
[56]	Kollert F, Tippelt A, Müller C, et al. Hemoglobin levels above anemia thresholds are maximally predictive for long-term survival in COPD with chronic respiratory failure. Respir Care, 2013, 58(7): 1204-1212. doi:10.4187/respcare.01961. pmid: 23232736
[57]	Ferguson GT, Calverley PMA, Anderson JA, et al. Prevalence and progression of osteoporosis in patients with COPD: results from the TOwards a Revolution in COPD Health study. Chest, 2009, 136(6): 1456-1465. doi:10.1378/chest.08-3016. pmid: 19581353
[58]	Inoue D, Watanabe R, Okazaki R. COPD and osteoporosis: links, risks, and treatment challenges. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2016, 11: 637-648. doi:10.2147/COPD.S79638.
[59]	Graat-Verboom L, Wouters EF, Smeenk FW, et al. Current status of research on osteoporosis in COPD: a systematic review. Eur Respir J, 2009, 34(1): 209-218. doi:10.1183/09031936.50130408. pmid: 19567604
[60]	Wüst RC, Degens H. Factors contributing to muscle wasting and dysfunction in COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2007, 2(3): 289-300. pmid: 18229567
[61]	Ho CH, Chen YC, Wang JJ, et al. Incidence and relative risk for developing cancer among patients with COPD: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. BMJ Open, 2017, 7(3): e013195. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013195.
[62]	Peek RM Jr, Mohla S, DuBois RN. Inflammation in the genesis and perpetuation of cancer: summary and recommendations from a national cancer institute-sponsored meeting. Cancer Res, 2005, 65(19): 8583-8586. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1777. pmid: 16204020
[63]	Maksimova E, Yie TA, Rom WN. In vitro mechanisms of lovastatin on lung cancer cell lines as a potential chemopreventive agent. Lung, 2008, 186(1): 45-54. doi:10.1007/s00408-007-9053-7. pmid: 18034278