结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (3): 249-255.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-8493.2020.03.009

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2011—2019年福建省肺结核流行特征分析

戴志松, 林淑芳(), 魏淑贞, 周银发   

  1. 350001 福州,福建省疾病预防控制中心结核病麻风病防治所
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-11 出版日期:2020-12-30 发布日期:2021-01-05
  • 通信作者: 林淑芳 E-mail:zqszl@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省卫生健康中青年骨干人才培养项目(2019-ZQN-28);福建省科技创新平台建设项目(2019Y2001)

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2019

DAI Zhi-song, LIN Shu-fang(), WEI Shu-zhen, ZHOU Yin-fa   

  1. Institute of Tuberculosis and Leprosy Prevention and Treatment, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou 350001, China
  • Received:2020-11-11 Online:2020-12-30 Published:2021-01-05
  • Contact: LIN Shu-fang E-mail:zqszl@163.com

摘要:

目的 分析福建省肺结核流行病学特征,为制定全省结核病防控策略提供依据。方法 通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》获得发病时间为2011—2019年的福建省肺结核疫情报告卡信息及各年度9个地级市及平潭综合实验区常住人口数,计算肺结核报告发病率;结合疫情报告卡的人口学特征及诊断分类等信息,采用SPSS 18.0软件对肺结核流行病学特征进行分析。结果 2011—2019年,福建省报告活动性肺结核患者共计172003例,年均报告发病率为50.14/10万(172003/343024397),其中病原学阳性肺结核患者占47.04%(80907/172003)。活动性肺结核和病原学阳性患者报告发病率均由2011年的57.65/10万(21268/36894320)和28.49/10万(10 511/36894320)下降至2019年的45.82/10万(18058/39410119)和21.92/10万(8637/39410119),趋势变化差异有统计学意义($X^{2}_{趋势}$=765.216,901.777;P值均<0.001)。2011—2019年,报告发病例数的高峰在1月份,占所有报告发病例数的9.41%(16184/172003);报告发病肺结核患者中,男∶女≈2.77∶1(126427∶45576),男性和女性均由2011年的82.29/10万(15619/18981102)和31.54/10万(5649/17913218)降低到2019年的65.56/10万(13217/20161296)和 25.15/10万(4841/19248823),趋势变化差异均有统计学意义($X^{2}_{趋势}$=516.143,211.541;P值均<0.001);不同年龄组中,肺结核报告发病例数的构成比以45~岁组为最高[平均为18.95%(32599/172003)],0~岁组构成比在各年度均为最低[平均为0.43%(740/172003)],0~岁组和75~岁组在各年度的报告发病率均呈上升趋势(年递增率为2.92%和0.14%),而其他年龄组年递增率呈负增长;患者职业以农民占比最高,平均为48.48%(83390/172003)。结论 2011—2019年,福建省肺结核疫情呈下降趋势;结核病防控工作要重视婴幼儿、老年人、男性及农民等人群。

关键词: 结核,肺, 发病率, 流行病学研究, 数据说明,统计, 小地区分析

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2019, providing basis for tuberculosis prevention and control strategy. Methods The data of reported PTB cards and resident population in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2019 were collected and analyzed based on “China Disease Prevention and Control Information System”. Reported incidence was calculated, and information such as demographic characteristics and diagnostic classification of the report cards were combined to analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of PTB using the SPSS 18.0. Results A total of 172003 PTB cases were reported in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2019 with an average annual reported incidence of 50.14/105 (172003/343024397), and sputum smear positive patients were 47.04% (80907/172003). The reported incidences of active PTB declined from 57.65/105 (21268/36894320) in 2011 to 45.82/105 (18058/39410119) in 2019, and the reported incidences of patients with positive pathogen declined from 28.49/105 (10 511/36894320) to 21.92/105 (8637/39410119), differences of the trend changs were both statistically significant ($X^{2}_{trend}$=765.216, 901.777; both P<0.001). From 2011 to 2019, the peak of reported cases was all in January, accounting for 9.41% (16184/172003) of all. Among the reported PTB cases, male: female≈2.77∶1 (126427∶45576). The reported incidence of male and female decreased from 82.29/105 (15619/18981102) and 31.54/105 (5649/17913218) in 2011 to 65.56/105 (13217/20161296) and 25.15/105 (4841/19248823) in 2019.Differences of the trend changes were both statistically significant ($X^{2}_{trend}$=516.143, 211.541, both P<0.001). In all reported PTB cases, 45- years old group accounted for the highest proportion (18.95% (32599/172003)), and 0- year old group was the lowest (0.43% (740/172003)) every year. The reported incidence of 0- and 75- year old groups presented the increasing trend from 2011 to 2019 (the annual increase rate was 2.92% and 0.14%), while the other age groups showed negative growth. Farmer was the occupation with the highest proportion of all patients (48.48% (83390/172003)). Conclusion The reported incidence of active PTB was decreasing from 2011 to 2019. Groups of the infant, the elder, the male, and the farmer should be paid more attention in the prevention and control of tuberculosis.

Key words: Tuberculosis,pulmonary, Incidence, Epidemiologic studies, Data interpretation,statistical, Small-area analysis