Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine for secondary pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods 108 cases of untreated secondary pulmonary tuberculosis who were found through health examination, seeking health care because of symptoms and clue survey in Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center from January 2009 to December 2010 were divided into treatment and control groups by SAS 9.1.3 software following stratified randomization principle, both groups were treated by standard anti-tuber-culosis regimen, the treatment group used traditional Chinese medicine besides anti-tuberculosis regimen, treatment durations for both groups were six months. The differences in efficacy and adverse reactions of two groups were observed. We reported category and frequency for qualitative information, and used the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test to compare the difference between the groups. The difference was statistically significant if P<0.05.Results After full course of treatment (6 months), the smear-positive cases in treatment group (n=31) were all converted, with 22 patients of control group (n=24) were converted(Fisher exact test, P=0.186), sputum conversion rates of the two groups were not statistically different. In the treatment group, patients had no symptoms of night sweats, cough and shortness of breath, only 1 patient had dry cough, 4 patients had slightly small amount of mucus, while in the control group, 6 patients had night sweats (Fisher exact test, P=0.0084), 8 patients had symptoms of cough and shortness of breath (Fisher exact test, P=0.0015), 6 patients had dry cough (Fisher exact test, P=0.0472), 13 patients had slightly small amount of sticky sputum (χ²=7.480,P=0.0062), the treatment group symptom improvement was significantly better than the control group. The lesions absorption rates of the treatment group and control group were 100.00% (48/48) and 80.95% (34/42) (Fisher exact test, P=0.002), the difference was statistically significant. In the treatment group, no patients had gastrointestinal reactions, while in the control group, 4 patients had (Fisher exact test, P=0.0438). In the treatment group, 3 cases had uric acid abnormalities, while in the control group, 9 patients had (χ²=4.466, P=0.0346), the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion Tuberculosis treatment is still mainly using western medicine treatment, but compared with western medicine alone, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine can significantly improve symptoms, promote lesions absorption and reduce the occurrence of adverse reaction.