Abstract: Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the distribution characteristics of lung cancer death and cigarette smoking, provide basis for prevention and control of lung cancer in Tianjin.Methods The study used data from the all-cause mortality surveillance system collected by the Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All death caused by lung cancer were classified in case group (5746 cases), and death caused by non-lung cancer (59 625 cases) as control group. Each lung cancer death in 2011 was coded using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Both single factors and multiple factors unconditional logistic regression ana-lysis was made by SPSS software version 11.5.Results The crude death rate of lung cancer in Tianjin was 58.00/100 000, with the standardized mortality rate of 31.52/100 000. Lung cancer is the leading cause of death (38.25%,5746/15 023) in all malignant tumors. Male had a higher lung cancer mortality than female(66.91/100 000 vs. 48.99/100 000, χ²=14.98,P=0.000). The single factor non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that male(Wald χ²=6.09,P=0.014);age(Wald χ²=755.19,P=0.000);married status(Wald χ²=348.24,P=0.000);lower education(Wald χ²=326.21,P=0.000);living in urban areas(Wald χ²=291.08,P=0.000);current or former smokers(Wald χ²=1388.41,P=0.000); more number of cigarettes smoked daily(Wald χ²=289.43,P=0.000);more years of smoking(Wald χ²=185.07,P=0.000)are possible risk factors for lung cancer death. The multi-factor non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors of lung cancer mortality were current or former smokers(Wald χ²=5.37,P=0.021;β=0.11;OR=1.12;95%CI=1.02-1.23), more number of cigarettes smoked daily(Wald χ²=90.24,P=0.000;β=0.34;OR=1.41;95%CI=1.31-1.51), more years of smoking(Wald χ²=175.21,P=0.000;β=0.32;OR=1.38;95%CI=1.32-1.45), the married status(Wald χ²=89.42,P=0.000;β=0.22;OR=0.80;95%CI=0.77-0.84), female (Wald χ²=189.36,P=0.000;β=0.68;OR=1.98;95%CI=1.80-2.19), living in urban areas (Wald χ²=70.61,P=0.000;β=0.40;OR=0.67;95%CI=0.61-0.74),lower education level(Wald χ²=42.40,P=0.000;β=0.19;OR=1.21;95%CI=1.14-1.28)are independent risk factors of lung cancer deaths.Conclusion Lung cancer death has become one of the main malignant tumors endangered the health of Tianjin residents. Smoking and lung cancer death is closely related. Therefore, there is the need to develop smoking free law and carry out heath education in order to reduce the mortality of lung cancer.