Abstract: Objective To analyze the public awareness rate of tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control knowledge (5 key messages) and the influencing factors in 9 points of the Fifth National TB epidemiology sample survey in 2010 in Hunan, and to provide reference for the development of health education policy on public TB knowledge.Methods The residents over the age of 15 in 9 survey points in Hunan were investigated by unified questionnaire on TB. 13 270 people should be investigated, 12 796 people were investigated, and the survey rate was 96.4%. SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used to analyze awareness rate, and the univariate analysis was used to analyze different awareness rate with different gender, age, nationality, household registration type, TB symptoms, and pulmonary TB (PTB) history. The total score was taken as the dependent variable, gender, age, nationality,household registration type, TB symptoms, PTB history were taken as the independent variable, non-conditional multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used (backward method,α_入=005,α_出=0.1).Results The awareness rate to key messages on TB prevention and control was 67.8%(43 396/63 980). 68.8% (20 960/30 480) for male, and 67.0% (22 436/33 500) for female, there was statistically significant (χ²=22.585, P<0.01) difference between them. The awareness rates of the 15-, 40- and 65- age groups were 77.1% (15 589/20 230), 66.2%(22 420/33 865) and 54.5%(5387/9885)respectively, and had statistically significant difference (χ²=1635.915, P<0.01). The rate of the 65- age group was lower than that of the 15- age group (χ²=1599.166, P<0.01), and also lower than the 40- age group (χ²=452.791, P<0.01). The awareness rates of the local registered permanent resident and the nonlocal were 67.2% (38 344/57 060) and 73.0% (5052/6920) respectively, which had statistically significant difference (χ²=95.347, P<0.01). The awareness rates of the population with and without pulmonary tuberculosis history, and those had no idea were 69.0% (907/1315), 68.1% (41 979/61 630) and 49.3% (510/1035) respectively, there was statistically significant difference (χ²=166.362, P<0.01). The awareness rate of those had no idea of tuberculosis history was lower than that of the population with pulmonary TB (χ²=92.870, P<0.01), and also lower than that of the population without PTB history (χ²=165.490, P<0.01). The public awareness rates of the Han nationality and ethnic minorities were 68.1% (42 365/62 190) and 57.6% (1031/1790) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=83.797, P<0.01). The public awareness rates of the groups with and without TB symptoms were 61.9% (4910/7935) and 68.7% (38 486/56 045), which had statistically significant difference (χ²=95.528, P<0.01). The awareness rate to the national free policy was the lowest, only 44.6% (5703/12 796). The awareness rate to TB symptoms was the highest, which was 85.9% (10 993/12 796). The results of the multivariate analysis showed gender (Wald χ²=8.616,P<0.01,OR=0.898,95%CI=0.836-0.965), the first dummy variable of age (Wald χ²=387.819,P<0.01,OR=3.123,95%CI=2.788-3.498), the second dummy variable of age (Wald χ²=84.655, P<0.01, OR=1.627, 95%CI=1.467-1.805), nationality (Wald χ²=44.818,P<0.01, OR=0.466, 95%CI=0.373-0.583), the first dummy variable of PTB history(Wald χ²=29.550, P<0.01, OR=2.971, 95%CI=2.006-4.399), the second dummy variable of PTB history(Wald χ²=30.724, P<0.01, OR=2.381, 95%CI=1.752-3.236) and TB symptoms(Wald χ²=16.077, P<0.01, OR=1.254, 95%CI=1.123-1.400) were selected for the regression equation, there were statistically significant differences.Conclusion The public TB awareness rate was low in Hunan. Gender, age, nationality, TB symptoms and PTB history were influencing factors of public TB awareness rate.