Abstract: Objective To explore the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation typing and lung computed tomography (CT) signs in smear positive retreated tuberculosis (TB) patients in the first diagnosis.Methods According to TCM syndrome differentiation typing,58 TB patients were divided into Lung Yin deficiency type,type of Yin deficiency and fire hyperactivity and Qi Yin deficiency type.The correlation between TCM syndrome differentiation typing and lung CT signs was analyzed.Results In the 58 cases, 23 were Lung Yin deficiency type, accounted for 39.66%, and the lung CT signs mainly presented exudative process or acini nodular lesions. 19 were the type of Yin deficiency and fire hyperactivity, accounted for 32.76%. The lung diseases shew extensive distribution, and CT signs mainly presented cheese or invasive focus, accompanied cavity focus. Sixteen were Qi Yin deficiency type, accounted for 27.59%, The lung lesions increased gradually, showing repeated damage and repair changes. The lung CT signs presented multiplication and fibrous focus based on cheese, invasive and cavity focus, even appeared collapse and damage of lung.Conclusion There are some correlation and regularity in TCM syndrome differentiation typing and lung CT signs in retreated smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases, which has important practical value for objective diagnosis and treatment of TCM syndrome differentiation typing in pulmonary tuberculosis.