Abstract: Objective To understand the tuberculosis (TB) prevalence status of Xuhui by cluster sampling survey.Methods Thirteen residents' committees were selected as survey points. The results and cost effectiveness of TB prevalence survey on 46136 people in Xuhui in 2014 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of TB prevalence between those with and without TB history, family history and symptoms, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Symptoms investigation and chest X-ray screening were conducted in 39229 subjects, the examination rate was 85.03% (39229/46136). 11 pulmonary TB cases were detected, among whom 2 patients were new cases, the TB prevalence was 28.04/100000 (11/39229). 979 people had abnormal lung shadow, among whom 20 patients were diagnosed as lung cancer. The direct cost of the survey was 4463500 yuan, which can reduce social medical expenses of 330000－495000 yuan, and can save social value of 4725087 yuan, the benefit cost ratio was 1.15.Conclusion It is inappropriate to screening for TB by chest X-ray in the whole population in Xuhui. Chest X-ray can be used to screen other lung di-seases during the project implementation to improve the cost effectiveness.