Table of Content

20 April 2025, Volume 6 Issue 2

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Special Topic

A brief discussion on the origin and current status of pulmonary ground glass nodules from the perspective of imaging

Liu Jingyi, Hou Yue, Wu Jianlin

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  121-124.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250004

Abstract ( 72 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1309KB) ( 26 )   Save

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In recent years, with the widespread application of CT examination technology and the enhanced awareness of lung cancer screening and health check-ups, the detection rate of ground glass nodules (GGN) has significantly increased. Since some GGNs have been diagnosed as lung cancer, it has caused panic and anxiety among a large number of patients, and has led to varying degrees of excessive diagnosis and treatment problems. Therefore, it is of practical significance and clinical value to fully understand the history of GGN, correctly recognize its patterns, and implement scientific and reasonable management strategies for GGN diagnosis and treatment. This article provides a review of the development history, diagnosis and treatment status, and research progress of GGN.

Interpretation of Standards

Review of the 2025 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) updates: focusing on personalized treatment, comorbidity management, and vaccination

Jiang Qi, Ma Yiming, Chen Yan

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  125-127.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024161

Abstract ( 690 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1211KB) ( 21 )   Save

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable chronic airway disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation and respiratory symptoms. Given its significant heterogeneity, precise individualized treatment is of paramount importance. The 2025 update of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) represents a major milestone in COPD management by integrating the latest evidence-based findings and refining therapeutic strategies. The authors focuse on key updates in GOLD 2025, including personalized treatment, comorbidity management, and vaccination strategies. It aims to provide clinical COPD practitioners with insights and guidance to optimize treatment and prevention strategies, ultimately improving patients’ quality of life and long-term outcomes.

Interpretation of the updated key points of the Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced liver injury caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs (2024 version)

Gu Jin, Lin Minggui, Tang Shenjie

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  128-134.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024162

Abstract ( 409 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1895KB) ( 46 )   Save

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATB-DILI) is the most common adverse drug reaction during anti-tuberculosis treatment and one of the common causes of DILI in China. In recent years, many new viewpoints and evidence have emerged in the research field of DILI. In view of this, the Tuberculosis Branch of the Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to update the Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (2019 Edition) and launched the Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (2024 Edition). The authors compare and interpret the new and old versions of the ATB-DILI guidelines from seven aspects to help clinicians better understand and practice them.

2025 Update interpretation of “T/CHATA-001-2025 non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease diagnosis” social organization standard

Chen Hua, Chen Pinru

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  135-142.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250008

Abstract ( 289 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1271KB) ( 85 )   Save

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to standardize the diagnosis of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease, on January 14, 2025, the Chinese Anti-Tuberculosis Association issued the “T/CHATA-001-2025 non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease diagnosis” social organization standard (hereinafter referred to as the “2025 Edition”), which is an update to the “T/CHATA-01-2020 non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease diagnosis” (hereinafter referred to as the “2020 Edition”).The author interprets the updated content of the 2025 Edition compared to the 2020 Edition, aiming to further improve the NTM diseases diagnostic level of clinical physicians, especially the result interpretation ability of using molecular biological tests on detecting NTM.

Guideline·Standard·Consensus

Expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous peritonitis

Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital , Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis , Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of Chinese Society for Tuberculosis of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  143-157.  doi:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250025

Abstract ( 89 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1908KB) ( 579 )   Save

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Tuberculous peritonitis lacks specific clinical manifestations, making differential diagnosis difficult, and often leading to delayed confirmation of diagnosis, which increases the difficulty of treatment. In the process of diagnosis and treatment, multiple specialties and departments are usually involved, requiring the involvement of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs). Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the prognosis of patients with tuberculous peritonitis. However, there is still a lack of relevant guiding consensus or guidelines for the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous peritonitis in China. Therefore, in order to provide reasonable and standardized systematic diagnosis and treatment for patients with tuberculous peritonitis, improve patient prognosis, and reduce mortality, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, and Basic and Clinical Speciality Committees of Chinese Society for Tuberculosis of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care jointly organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the Expert consensus on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous peritonitis, based on China’s current diagnostic and therapeutic experience and research achievements in tuberculous peritonitis. This consensus summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, and main clinical manifestations of tuberculous peritonitis, introduces common examination methods for tuberculous peritonitis, proposes the diagnostic criteria and treatments suggestions of tuberculous peritonitis, and especially gives recommendations on the indications, contraindications, preoperative preparation, surgical method and timing selection, and postoperative patient management, etc. It aims to provide clinical physicians with scientific and practical reference.

Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of spinal tuberculosis with HIV/AIDS (2nd Edition)

Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Tuberculosis Combined with HIV/AIDS Patients Group , Joint Tuberculosis Professional Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association , AIDS Surgery Professional Committee of Chinese Association of STD and AIDS Prevention and Control , Western China Bone Tuberculosis Alliance , North China Bone Tuberculosis Alliance

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  158-167.  doi:10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240411

Abstract ( 65 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1322KB) ( 23 )   Save

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Patients with spinal tuberculosis co-infected with HIV/AIDS are profoundly immunocompromised, significantly complicating their clinical management. To establish standardized protocols for diagnosing and treating this dual pathology, thereby enhancing clinical understanding and providing evidence-based treatment guidelines, the Joint Tuberculosis Professional Branch of Chinese Antituberculosis Association, in collaboration with the Western China Bone Tuberculosis Alliance, the North China Bone Tuberculosis Alliance, and the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis, formulated and released the Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with spinal tuberculosis complicated with HIV/AIDS in May 2020. The consensus opens with an overview of the epidemiological context of spinal tuberculosis complicated by HIV/AIDS. It provides a detailed discussion on the common clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnostic criteria, as well as pharmacological and surgical treatment options. Furthermore, it addresses critical aspects such as occupational exposures, necessary precautions during surgery, and outlines future research directions for the management of spinal tuberculosis complicated by HIV/AIDS. Building upon the first edition of the consensus, and incorporating both the clinical experience and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for spinal tuberculosis complicated by HIV/AIDS in China, as well as relevant international research findings, the consensus writing group has jointly developed the second edition of the Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of spinal tuberculosis with HIV/AIDS. This updated version highlights recent epidemiological trends over the past five years, advances in preoperative antiviral therapy, and the evolving anti-tuberculosis treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis. The consensus also discusses the advancements in minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis complicated by HIV/AIDS, as well as the potential application of accelerated recovery surgery principles in the management of these patients. The aim is to provide clinicians with a comprehensive framework for accurate diagnosis and evidence-based treatment of spinal tuberculosis complicated by HIV/AIDS.

Original Articles

Analysis of the effectiveness of pulmonary tuberculosis screening for freshmen based on Markov model

Chen Hao, Lin Sihan, Li Xiaofen, Liu Zhidong, Lin Yanwei

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  169-175.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024149

Abstract ( 71 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (2708KB) ( 48 )   Save

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective: To evaluate the implementation effect of online pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) symptom questionnaire screening system, provide a novel pathway for PTB screening among students, and expand practical experience in active screening experience. Methods: Freshmen from all types of schools in Huizhou from 2021 to 2022 were enrolled. An independently developed WeChat-based “Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Integrated Management System” (referred to as the “Micro-Supervision System”) was used to conduct online PTB symptom screening. The Markov state transition model was employed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of screening strategy. Results: From 2021 to 2022, a total of 917991 freshmen participated in the screening with 4908 cases (0.53%) identified as having suspected PTB symptoms. Ten active PTB cases were confirmed, yielding a detection rate of 1.09 per 100000. The Markov state transition model estimated that symptoms screening could prevent 3100 PTB cases. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for gaining one quality-adjusted life year was RMB 3060 yuan, significantly lower than China’s 2023 per capita GDP (RMB 89358 yuan). Conclusion: The “Micro-Supervision System” is a cost-effective strategy for PTB screening among freshmen, effectively reducing PTB incidence in children and adolescents.

Analysis of healthcare-seeking delay and influencing factors for pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Taian City of Shandong Province from 2013 to 2022

Wang Ruihua, Bian Huanqing, Ren Yan

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  176-182.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250001

Abstract ( 153 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (856KB) ( 47 )   Save

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective: To investigate the healthcare-seeking delay among students with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Taian City from 2013 to 2022, identify its determinants, and provide an evidence-based foundation for optimizing tuberculosis prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data were extracted from the Tuberculosis Information Management System, a subsystem of the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System (CDCIS). All student PTB cases in Taian City from 2013 to 2022 were identified based on their registered residence. A total of 656 cases were included, with variables such as sex, ethnicity, educational level, patient source, residential status, household registration, year of diagnosis, and clinical findings. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to assess trends in healthcare-seeking delay. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to determine the factors associated with delayed healthcare-seeking behavior. Results: A total of 656 student PTB cases were reported in Taian City from 2013 to 2022. The median (interquartile range) healthcare-seeking delay was 15 (5, 33) days, with an average annual delay rate of 53.96% (354/656). The proportion of delayed healthcare-seeking behavior declined from 62.69% (42/67) in 2013 to 45.61% (26/57) in 2022, although this trend was not statistically significant ( {\chi }_{trend}^2=3.105, P=0.078). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified passive case detection (OR=1.737, 95%CI: 1.177-2.563) and bacteriologically confirmed TB (OR=1.619, 95%CI: 1.162-2.256) as significant risk factors for delay. Conversely, belonging to an ethnic minority (OR=0.394, 95%CI: 0.155-1.001), urban residence (OR=0.587, 95%CI: 0.419-0.821), and local household registration (OR=0.553, 95%CI: 0.376-0.816) were protective factors against healthcare-seeking delay. Conclusion: Healthcare-seeking delay for PTB among students in Taian City remained persistently high from 2013 to 2022. Passive case detection, bacteriological positivity, residence in non-urban areas, and migrant status were identified as significant risk factors contributing to delayed healthcare-seeking behavior.

Analysis of factors influencing treatment non-adherence in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and construction of a risk prediction model

Ruan Shujin, Chen Jingfang, Wang Xiufen, Zhang Dandan, Li Mengjun, Meng Ting

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  183-190.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250021

Abstract ( 70 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1182KB) ( 36 )   Save

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective: To explore the current status and risk factors of treatment non-adherence in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and to establish a risk prediction model, providing a reference for screening high-risk groups. Methods: Using convenience sampling, PTB patients aged ≥18 years who were diagnosed and receiving anti-TB medication at the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases from June to August 2024 were selected as study subjects. General demographic and clinical data of patients meeting the inclusion criteria were collected through questionnaire survey. Patients were randomly divided into training set and validation set at a ratio of 7∶3. Patients in the training set were further categorized into “treatment adherence” and “treatment non-adherence” groups based on their adherence status. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze factors influencing treatment non-adherence, and construct a prediction model. Finally, we used area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate prediction performance of the model and accuracy of the validation set. Results: According to the inclusion criteria, 300 PTB patients were enrolled, and 300 pieces of questionnaire were distributed, with a valid response rate of 98.33% (295/300). Thus, 295 patients were ultimately included. Among them, 240 patients (81.36%) were treatment-adherent, and 55 patients (18.64%) were non-adherent. The training set included 207 patients (167 adherent and 40 non-adherent), and the validation set included 88 patients (73 adherent and 15 non-adherent). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that re-treatment, Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) score >4, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment were risk factors for treatment non-adherence (OR (95%CI)=8.207 (2.393-28.146); OR (95%CI)=4.262 (1.305-13.917); OR (95%CI)=16.276 (2.564-103.306)), while high social support was a protective factor (OR (95%CI)=0.038 (0.012-0.117)). The risk prediction model constructed based on these four factors had an AUC (95%CI) of 0.927 (0.880-0.974), with a sensitivity of 92.50% (37/40), a specificity of 82.04% (137/167), and a Youden index of 0.75, corresponding to a model prediction probability threshold of 0.126. For the validation set with 88 patients, the model had an AUC (95%CI) of 0.841 (0.753-0.985), a sensitivity of 80.00% (12/15), a specificity of 84.93% (62/73), and an accuracy of 84.09% (74/88). Conclusion: Treatment non-adherence among PTB patients in this medical institution is relatively low. Re-treatment, low social support, ACCI score >4, and taking traditional Chinese medicine treatment are risk factors for treatment non-adherence. The risk prediction model constructed based on these factors demonstrates good predictive performance and can serve as a reference for early screening of high-risk groups for treatment non-adherence.

Analysis of diagnosis delay and its influencing factors among elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 60 and above in Tongzhou District of Beijing, 2016—2022

Yang Chao, Wang Jing, Tang Guilin, Wang Bin, Liu Hui, Li Xintong

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  191-197.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250017

Abstract ( 44 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (862KB) ( 26 )   Save

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective: To explore the current situation and influencing factors of diagnosis delay among elderly pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients aged 60 and above in Tongzhou District of Beijing, and provide a scientific basis for tuberculosis control strategy in the future. Methods: Medical records of 963 elderly PTB patients in Tongzhou District of Beijing from 2016 to 2022 were extracted from Tuberculosis Management Information System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the distribution and trend of diagnosis delay. Influencing factors of diagnosis delay was analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Results: From 2016 to 2022, a total of 963 cases of elderly PTB patients aged 60 and above were registered in Tongzhou District of Beijing. The median and quartile of diagnosis delay were 8 (6,17) days. The average annual diagnosis delay rate was 28.45% (274/963). The diagnosis delay rate dropped from 49.68% (78/157) in 2016 to 16.81% (20/119) in 2019, showing a downward trend ( {\chi }_{trend}^2=34.167,P<0.001), and then to 36.62% (52/142) in 2022 showing an upward trend ( {\chi }_{trend}^2=83.199,P<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that cases being actively detected (OR=3.718,95%CI:2.221-6.225) was risk factor for diagnosis delay. The first-diagnosing medical institution being non-Tongzhou District Center for Disease Prevention and Control (OR=0.370,95%CI:0.269-0.510) was protective factor for diagnosis delay. Conclusion: The diagnosis delay of elderly PTB patients increased first, and then decreased in Tongzhou District of Beijing from 2016 to 2022. It was related to the way of case detection and first-diagnosing medical institution. We should implement targeted intervention strategies.

Analysis of nutritional status and influencing factors of elderly hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Zhou Qi, Li Mingyi, Wang Jinxiu, Zhang Hongyan, Yang Xuejuan, Mao Lin

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  198-203.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024167

Abstract ( 56 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (850KB) ( 30 )   Save

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective: To analyze the nutritional status of elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and its influencing factors, and to provide reference for nutritional intervention for elderly hospitalized patients with TB. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. A total of 134 elderly patients aged ≥65 years diagnosed with TB in the Department of TB of Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases from November 15, 2020 to January 31, 2024. The general data, imaging results and nutritional status index (body mass index (BMI), serum albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB), total protein (TP), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), lymphocyte count (LYM)) levels were compared between the two groups, and the independent risk factors of nutritional risk were analyzed by logistic regression method. Results: The prevalence of nutritional risk in elderly patients with TB was 62.7% (84/134). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pleural effusion (OR (95%CI)=5.090 (2.165-11.969)) and cavities (OR (95%CI)=3.136 (1.127-8.729)) were risk factors for nutritional risk in patients, while albumin 30-40 g/L (OR (95%CI)=0.106 (0.026-0.438)) was a protective factor for nutritional risk. Conclusion: The incidence of nutritional risk in elderly patients with TB is high, and pleural effusion, cavity and ALB level are the influencing factors of nutritional risk. In clinical treatment, attention should be paid to nutritional risk screening and nutritional intervention in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Study on the efficacy of multiple combination detection in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in grassroots laboratories

Chen Li, Sun Yanbo, Ma Yuqiu, Ma Shuliang, Liu Changyue, Li Fabin

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  204-209.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250034

Abstract ( 46 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (859KB) ( 14 )   Save

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective: To explore the efficacy of multiple combination detection methods, including sputum smear staining microscopy (referred to as “smear”), solid culture of mycobacteria (referred to as “culture”), GeneXpert MTB/RIF (referred to as “Xpert”) detection, and RNA real-time fluorescent constant temperature amplification (referred to as “SAT”), in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in grassroots laboratories. Methods: A total of 2161 suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients with qualified sputum samples were selected from Binxian County, Shangzhi County and Yanshou County, Heilongjiang Province from July 2019 to June 2021. Each patient’s sputum sample was subjected to smear, culture, SAT, and Xpert testing. Using clinical diagnostic results as reference standards, calculate the sensitivity and specificity of single item and multiple combination tests for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis, and evaluate their diagnostic efficacy for pulmonary tuberculosis. Results: Among the 2161 initially diagnosed suspected tuberculosis patients, 515 were clinically diagnosed as tuberculosis and 1646 were non tuberculosis. Based on clinical diagnostic results, the sensitivity of smear, culture, and smear+culture for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis were 38.83% (200/515), 52.62% (271/515), and 55.92% (288/515), respectively, and the specificity were 99.88% (1644/1646), 99.76% (1642/1646), and 99.76% (1642/1646), respectively. The sensitivity of SAT, smear+SAT and smear+culture+SAT in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis were 53.98% (278/515), 61.17% (315/515), and 68.54% (353/515), respectively; and the specificity was 98.78% (1626/1642), 98.66% (1624/1646), and 98.54% (1622/1646), respectively. The sensitivity of smear+culture+SAT diagnosis was higher than that of smear+SAT, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=6.15, P<0.05). The sensitivity of smear+SAT diagnosis was higher than SAT, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=5.44, P<0.05). The sensitivity of Xpert, smear+Xpert and smear+culture+Xpert in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis were 69.71% (359/515), 70.49% (363/515), and 73.01% (376/515), respectively; and the specificity was 100.00% (1646/1646), 99.88% (1644/1646), and 99.76% (1642/1646), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in diagnostic sensitivity between smear+culture+Xpert and smear+Xpert (χ²=0.81, P>0.05); and there was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity between smear+Xpert and Xpert (χ²=0.07, P>0.05). Conclusion: The combination of Xpert/SAT, smear, and culture can improve the diagnostic efficiency of pulmonary tuberculosis. When promoting molecular biology methods for the initial diagnosis of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis, the use of traditional bacteriological methods should not be abolished. A reasonable combination of the two methods is more effective in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis.

Establishment and effectiveness evaluation of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease chain management model in the context of medical consortium

Li Qin, Li Muchen, Wang Mengzhou, Zhang Qiuping, Zhao Yungen

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  210-216.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250007

Abstract ( 50 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (864KB) ( 12 )   Save

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective: To establish hospital-community-family chain management model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients based on a medical consortium and evaluate its application outcomes. Methods: A total of 166 elderly COPD patients treated at The Second People’s Hospital of Changshu from April to September 2022 were selected as study subjects through purposive sampling. All participants were informed about both the COPD hospital-community-family chain management model and the conventional management model. Eighty patients receiving the chain management model were assigned to the observation group and underwent combined online and offline interventions until 6 months post-discharge, while 86 patients under conventional management were assigned to the control group and received routine care and follow-up. Differences between the two groups were compared using the Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES), the Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ), and the abbreviated version of the Quality of Life Assessment Scale (QOL-AS). Results: After the intervention, the CDSES score of the observation group was (56.15±3.66), significantly higher than in the control group’s (41.93±1.21), and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.656, P<0.001). At 6 months post-discharge, 63.8% (51/80) of the observation group showed good medication adherence, higher than 45.3% (39/86) in the control group (χ²=3.871, P<0.001). The observation group also achieved a higher QOL-AS score (69.35±3.96) than that of the control group (51.48±2.14), and the difference was statistically significant (t=1192.273, P<0.001). Conclusion: A well-designed chain management model for COPD patients, combined with continuous homogeneous management, can effectively enhances self-management efficacy, medication adherence, and quality of life in COPD patients.

Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation combined with early mobilization program in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis receiving invasive mechanical ventilation

Yu Mingliu, Gong Beibei, Chen Yuehua, Lan Weien, Wei Haiming, Gan Lin, Chen Xianglan

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  217-224.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250003

Abstract ( 39 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (886KB) ( 11 )   Save

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective: To establish and evaluate the clinical effect of a pulmonary rehabilitation combined with early mobilization program in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. According to inclusion criteria, 53 PTB patients admitted to the ICU of Nanning Fourth People’s Hospital from January to December 2021 were selected as control group and received routine nursing care. From January to December 2022, 54 PTB patients were enrolled as observation group and received pulmonary rehabilitation combined with early mobilization program, guided by a multidisciplinary team led by respiratory therapists. The two groups were compared in terms of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence, delirium episodes, mortality rate, ICU length of stay, oxygenation index on day 1 and 8 post-rehabilitation, extubation success rate, pressure injury incidence, deep vein thrombosis incidence, ICU costs, adverse events during rehabilitation, and compliance with the program. Results: In the observation group, the average duration of mechanical ventilation was (6.22±2.30) days, and the average length of ICU stay was (9.20±1.55) days, and the median ICU hospitalization costs (49835.46 (32178.02, 75958.55) yuan) were all lower than those of the control group ((15.60±5.00) days, (17.23±5.23) days, 91061.00 (75433.83, 122598.44) yuan) while their incidence of VAP (0.0%, 0/54), delirium (5.6%, 3/54), pressure injury (0.0%, 0/54), deep vein thrombosis (1.9%, 1/54), success rate of weaning (98.1%, 53/54), mortality rate (3.7%, 2/54), and the oxygenation index on the 8th day after pulmonary rehabilitation ((331.31±134.35) mmHg) were all better than that of the control group (11.3% (6/53), 20.8% (11/53), 9.4% (5/53), 13.2% (7/53), 77.4% (41/53), 20.8% (11/53), (276.31±80.25) mmHg, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (t=―12.431, P<0.001; t=―10.721, P<0.001; Z=―5.499, P<0.001; χ²=6.476, P=0.013; χ²=4.179, P=0.041; χ²=5.344, P=0.027; χ²=4.364, P=0.037; χ²=10.831, P=0.001; χ²=5.776, P=0.016; t=2.790, P=0.008). The oxygenation index before pulmonary rehabilitation ((209.21±87.92) mmHg) and on the first day after pulmonary rehabilitation combined with early activity ((245.88±126.85) mmHg), incidence of adverse events (33.3%, 18/54), and compliance with pulmonary rehabilitation training (85.2%, 46/54) in the observation group were compared with those in the control group ((197.54±79.10) mmHg, (232.20±120.01) mmHg, 18.9% (10/53), 90.6% (48/53), respectively), and the differences were not statistically significant (t=1.440, P=0.153; t=1.248, P=0.215; χ²=2.897, P=0.089; χ²=0.726, P=0.394). Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation combined with early mobilization program is a safe and effective therapy for PTB patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, could reduce complications, shorten ICU stays, and promote pulmonary function recovery.

Review Articles

Research progress on the risk of type Ⅱ diabetes complicated with severe pulmonary tuberculosis

Qian Mengni, Lu Nihong, Du Yingrong

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  225-233.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250009

Abstract ( 60 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (956KB) ( 16 )   Save

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Type Ⅱ diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis belong to consumptive diseases. They exist and influence each other. In recent years, the number of diabetes patients around the world has shown a growing trend, which poses a serious threat to the control of tuberculosis. Diabetes patients often have metabolic disorders, but also prone to malnutrition, their own immune function will be damaged, and these factors make them more prone to tuberculosis. Due to the long course and complex condition of type Ⅱ diabetes complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis, and the particularity of diabetes itself, it is easy to induce infection and the recurrence or aggravation of the primary focus, which makes the disease progress rapidly, the treatment effect is poor, and the drug resistance rate is high, and then develops into severe pulmonary tuberculosis. This article reviewed the epidemic characteristics, occurrence mechanism, susceptibility mechanism, interaction and nursing management of type Ⅱ diabetes and severe pulmonary tuberculosis, so as to provide basis for health management and practice of diabetes complicated with severe pulmonary tuberculosis.

Research progress on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in family close contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Cui Cancan, Li Mingwu

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2025, 6(2):  234-240.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024168

Abstract ( 483 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (882KB) ( 35 )   Save

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Household close contacts (HCCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients face a significantly elevated risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection compared to the general population, influenced by multifaceted determinants including sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral habits, health status, index case attributes, and household environmental factors, and also faced the diagnostic technology, screening guidelines and preventive treatment compliance to many challenges. In this paper, focusing on the epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic methods, influencing factors and preventive treatment of MTB infection in close family contacts were discussed by searching the relevant literatures published in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and other databases from 2015 to 2024.This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent relevant research while enhancing medical practitioners’ awareness of early screening and diagnosis for HCCs of PTB. The findings are expected to facilitate proactive acceptance of preventive treatment among this high-risk population, thereby fundamentally reducing TB incidence rates. Ultimately, this research contributes to achieving the global goal of End TB as a public health threat by 2035.