结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (1): 92-100.doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250131

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

进阶式呼吸康复训练在中青年结核后肺疾病患者中的应用效果分析

王秀芬(), 罗莉, 宋美娟, 余翠英, 刘欢, 魏冉, 张丹丹, 李剑   

  1. 深圳市第三人民医院肺病三科,深圳 518000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-21 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-02-09
  • 通信作者: 王秀芬,Email:416348151@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    深圳市高水平医院专项建设项目(市菁英人才培养对象院内配套);深圳市第三人民医院院内课题(G2022004)

Efficacy of progressive respiratory rehabilitation training in middle-aged and young patients with post-tuberculosis lung disease

Wang Xiufen(), Luo Li, Song Meijuan, Yu Cuiying, Liu Huan, Wei Ran, Zhang Dandan, Li Jian   

  1. Department of the Third Pulmonary Disease, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
  • Received:2025-08-21 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-02-09
  • Contact: Wang Xiufen, Email: 416348151@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction Fund(Institutional Matching for the Shenzhen Elite Talent Training Program);Intramural Project of Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital(G2022004)

摘要:

目的: 探讨进阶式呼吸康复训练对中青年结核后肺疾病(post-tuberculosis lung disease,PTLD)患者肺功能、运动耐力及生活质量的影响。方法: 采用前瞻性研究方法,参照入组标准选择2022年9月至2024年6月深圳市第三人民医院肺病三科收治的77例中青年PTLD患者。运用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(38例;采用常规专科护理及呼吸康复锻炼)和观察组(39例;在对照组基础上采取进阶式呼吸康复强化训练)。两组患者均进行个案管理6个月,比较两组患者干预前与干预后1个月及6个月的肺功能[包括第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量的百分比(FEV1%)、用力肺活量占正常预计值的百分比(FVC%)]、6min 步行距离、握力水平、SF-36生活质量评分情况。结果: 观察组在干预后1个月的6min步行试验距离增长至(461.77±84.49)m,明显低于对照组[(506.47±78.43)m],但在干预后6个月[(580.05±78.68)m]明显高于对照组[(532.61±88.18)m],差异均有统计学意义(t=2.405,P=0.019;t=2.493,P=0.015);观察组在干预后6个月的握力水平、FEV1%和FVC%水平分别提高至(32.13±6.05)kg、(74.77±12.76)%和(86.97±14.17)%,均明显高于对照组[分别为(28.76±8.10)kg、(66.76±19.31)%和(79.01±16.61)%],差异均有统计学意义(t=2.072,P=0.042;t=2.140,P=0.036;t=2.268,P=0.026)。观察组在干预后1个月的精神健康评分和在干预后6个月的各项生活质量总评分分别提高至(72.03±13.32)分和(636.66±82.28)分,均明显高于对照组[(65.39±13.40)分和(562.64±83.07)分],差异均有统计学意义(t=2.178,P=0.033;t=3.928,P<0.001)。结论: 进阶式呼吸康复训练可以明显提高中青年PTLD患者的运动耐力,改善结构性PTLD患者肺功能,提高生活质量,值得临床广泛推广。

关键词: 结核,肺, 预后, 肺疾病, 中年, 康复护理, 呼吸锻炼

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the effects of progressive respiratory rehabilitation training on pulmonary function, exercise endurance, and quality of life in middle-aged and young patients with post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD). Methods: In this prospective study, 77 middle-aged and young PTLD patients admitted to the Department of the Third Pulmonary Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital between September 2022 and June 2024 were enrolled according to inclusion criteria. Eligible patients were randomly assigned, using a random number table, to either a control group (n=38; receiving conventional specialized nursing and respiratory rehabilitation exercises) or a observation group (n=39; receiving progressive intensive respiratory rehabilitation training in addition to the control regimen). Both groups received individualized case management for 6 months. Pulmonary function indices (FEV1%, FVC%), exercise endurance (6-minute walk distance (6MWD)), grip strength, and quality of life (SF-36 scores) were assessed before the intervention, and at 1 and 6 months post-intervention. Results: At one month after the intervention, the observation group’s 6MWD was significantly lower than that of the control group ((461.77±84.49) m vs. (506.47±78.43) m; t=2.405, P=0.019). However, by six months, the 6MWD in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control group ((580.05±78.68) m vs. (532.61±88.18) m; t=2.493, P=0.015). Similarly, at six months, the observation group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in grip strength ((32.13±6.05) kg vs. (28.76±8.10) kg; t=2.072, P=0.042), FEV1% ((74.77±12.76) % vs. (66.76±19.31) %; t=2.140, P=0.036), and FVC% ((86.97±14.17) % vs. (79.01±16.61) %; t=2.268, P=0.026) than the control group. In addition, the mental health scores of the observation group improved to (72.03±13.32) points one month after the intervention, while the overall quality of life scores increased to (636.66±82.28) points at six months. Both scores were significantly higher than those of the control group (65.39±13.40) and (562.64±83.07) points, respectively, with statistically significant differences (t=2.178, P=0.033; t=3.928, P<0.001). Conclusion: Progressive respiratory rehabilitation training markedly enhances exercise endurance, improves pulmonary function, and elevates the quality of life in middle-aged and young patients with post-tuberculosis lung disease. These findings support the broader clinical application in the management of PTLD.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Prognosis, Lung diseases, Middle aged, Rehabilitation nursing, Breathing exercises

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