结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (3): 277-283.doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250005

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

跨理论模型理念指导下早期康复运动在慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并衰弱患者中的应用效果

邱取英1, 王秀芳2(), 盛彩娟3, 陆叶4   

  1. 1.复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院呼吸内科,上海 201700
    2.复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院护理部,上海 201700
    3.复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院内分泌科,上海 201700
    4.复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院骨科,上海 201700
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-28 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-06-12
  • 通信作者: 王秀芳,Email:wxf10021@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青浦区科委课题项目(QKY2023-43)

Effectiveness of transtheoretical model-guided early rehabilitation exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and frailty

Qiu Quying1, Wang Xiufang2(), Sheng Caijuan3, Lu Ye4   

  1. 1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
    2. Department of Nursing, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
    3. Department of Endocrinology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
    4. Department of Orthopedics, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
  • Received:2024-12-28 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-06-12
  • Contact: Wang Xiufang,Email:wxf10021@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Qingpu District Science and Technology Commission project(QKY2023-43)

摘要:

目的:探讨基于跨理论模型(the transtheoretical model,TTM)的早期康复运动在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称“慢阻肺病”;chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)合并衰弱患者中的应用效果。方法:参照入组标准选取2023年1—8月复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院收治的116例慢阻肺病合并衰弱患者为研究对象,排除突发气胸脱落1例患者后,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(58例;给予常规护理)和观察组(57例;在对照组的基础上给予TTM理念指导下早期康复运动方案),观察并比较两组患者干预前后的行为改变、衰弱程度、呼吸困难程度、6min步行距离及生活质量变化情况。结果:干预后,观察组在康复运动前意向阶段中无意愿进行行为改变的患者[15.79%(9/57)]明显少于对照组[60.34%(35/58)]、行为已发生改变和已持续改变≥6个月的患者[52.63%(30/57)和28.07%(16/57)]均明显多于对照组[31.03%(18/58)和3.45%(2/58)],差异有统计学意义(Z=-5.405,P<0.001);1、2级呼吸困难患者[28.07%(16/57)和52.63%(30/57)]均明显多于对照组[24.14%(14/58)和29.31%(17/58)],3、4级呼吸困难患者[17.54%(10/57)和1.75%(1/57)]均明显少于对照组[37.93%(22/58)和8.62%(5/58)],差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.312,P=0.021);衰弱评分[(3.14±0.64)分]、6min步行距离[(323.754±52.62)m]和生活质量(CAT)评分[(17.07±3.98)分]均明显优于对照组[分别为(3.88±0.73)分、(299.38±61.26)m和(19.00±5.28)分],差异均有统计学意义(t=5.784,P<0.001;t=-2.287,P=0.024;t=2.211,P=0.029)。结论:TTM理念指导下的早期康复运动应用于慢阻肺病合并衰弱患者,可有效增强患者行为改变意愿、建立运动行为,并有效改善呼吸困难程度和衰弱症状,提高患者生活质量,可临床推广。

关键词: 肺疾病,阻塞性, 衰弱, 模型, 结构, 康复护理, 干预性研究

Abstract:

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of early rehabilitation exercise guided by transtheoretical model (TTM) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and frailty. Methods: A total of 116 patients with COPD and frailty admitted to Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affilitated with Fudan University from January to August 2023 were selected according to the inclusion criteria, and randomized into a control group and an observation group. After one case of spontaneous pneumothorax was removed, the patients in control group (n=58) were given routine nursing care, while patients in observation group (n=57) were given TTM-guided early rehabilitation exercise combined with routine care. Behavioral changes, frailty score, extent of dyspnea, 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), and quality of life were evaluated and compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results: After intervention, the patients in observation group presented significantly lower no-intention-to-change rate in pre-intention period compared with control group (15.79% (9/57) vs. 60.34% (35/58)). Whereas the proportions of patients who had changed behavior and whose behavior change maintained for ≥6 months were significantly higher in observation group compard to control group ((52.63% (30/57) vs. 31.03% (18/58)) and (28.07% (16/57) vs. 3.45% (2/58)), with statistically significant difference (Z=-5.405, P<0.001). The proportions of patients with grade 1 and grade 2 dyspnea in the observation group (28.07% (16/57) and 52.63% (30/57)) were significantly higher than those in control group (24.14% (14/58) and 29.31% (17/58)), while the proportions of patients with grade 3 and grade 4 dyspnea in the observation group (17.54% (10/57) and 1.75% (1/57)) were lower than those in the control group ((37.93% (22/58) and 8.62% (5/58)), with statistically significant differences (Z=-2.312, P=0.021). The patients in observation group demonstrated significantly better outcomes in frailty score, 6MWD, and CAT score compared to the control group (3.14±0.64 vs. 3.88±0.73, (323.75±52.62) m vs. (299.38±61.26) m), 17.07±3.98 vs. 19.00±5.28, the differences were also statistically significant (t=5.784, P<0.001; t=-2.287, P=0.024; t=2.211, P=0.029). Conclusion: TTM-guided early rehabilitation exercise can effectively enhance patients’ willingness to adopt behavioral changes, promote the establishment of their exercise behavior pattern, which ultimately alleviate the dyspnea level and frailty syptoms in COPD patients, and improve quality of life. This model could be recommended in clinical practice.

Key words: Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, Frailty, Transtheoretical model, Rehabilitation nursing, Clinical intervention studies

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