Table of Content

20 October 2023, Volume 4 Issue 5

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Editorial

Optimizing the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-reducing the risk of adverse cardiopulmonary event

Chen Haijie, Chen Yahong

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  337-341.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230103

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Expert Note

Health management of post-TB pulmonary disease

Tan Shouyong

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  342-345.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230098

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Tuberculosis is an ancient respiratory infectious disease, although the global cure rate of tuberculosis reaches 85%, it still causes physical and social related psychological damage to chronic respiratory tract to patients. In 2020, the International Federation Against Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases proposed the importance of post-tuberculosis pulmonary disease (PTLD) for extrappulmonary consequences and progressive damage throughout the life course of patients, including tuberculosis recurrence and increased mortality. In clinical practice, the author proposes that the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, were treated, in addition to the effective anti-tuberculosis therapy, rational application of tracheal dilator and symptomatic treatment, in order to reduce pulmonary function injury for the patients. And the patients with secondary pulmonary infection or diabetes mellitus to be timely treated to reduce the occurrence of PTLD. Similarly, the patient, with tuberculosis was cured after treaed, and with PTLD, were actively carried out lung function assessment and pulmonary rehabilitation treatment, pay attention to healthy diet, healthy life, and reduce recurrence.

Original Articles: Teaching

Clinical education assisted by three-dimensional model for detecting pulmonary ground glass nodule

Tang Ke, Yuan Xiaodong, Zhang Laixing

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  346-351.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230100

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Objective: To explore the effects of using three-dimensional (3D) anatomical model based on pulmonary CT to promote education for detecting ground glass nodules and improve the learning procedure of trainees. Methods: We recruited 42 trainees during their intern year (2023 year) at the Department of Radiology of The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital. The trainees were randomly allocated to a 3D model group with 21 cases (odd NO) and a control group with 21 cases (even NO) following sorts of computer-generated random numbers corresponding to student ID. Both groups learned to identify pulmonary ground glass nodules on non-contrast CT images by reading educational materials and radiographs. For contrast, the 3D model group learned the relationship between a pulmonary nodule and its surrounding anatomical tissues by observing a 3D model based on pulmonary contrast CT. We assessed trainees’ ability of identifying pulmonary nodules by conducting exams weekly during the 8 weeks of education. CT data of 10 cases with pulmonary ground glass nodules and 10 normal cases were selected randomly for assessment. The exam scores were calculated as (number of correctly detecting nodules+number of correctly reporting no nodule)×5 which were then compared between the two groups. Results: The weekly scores showed an increasing trend. The median (IQR) score of the 3D model group and control group increased from 50 (45, 55) and 45 (45, 55) to 95 (90, 95) and 90 (80, 95), respectively. The scores of the 3D model group at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 were higher than those of control group (50 (45, 55), 70 (65, 70), 75 (70, 80), 75 (75, 85), 90 (85, 95), 95 (90, 95), 95 (90, 95) vs 45 (45, 55), 60 (60, 65), 65 (60, 70), 70 (70, 75), 75 (70, 80), 85 (85, 95), 85 (85, 95); U value: 306.499, 334.001, 336.478, 352.007, 411.002, 325.492, 310.477; P value: 0.025, 0.003, 0.003, <0.001, <0.001, 0.006, 0.019)). The difference in score between the two groups at week 8 failed to reach statistical significance (U=283.491, P=0.103). Conclusion: Education assisted by 3D Models can promote trainees to rapidly increase their ability of identifying pulmonary ground glass nodules, thus could save learning time.

Study on the evaluation of medical students’ mastery of diabetes complicated with tuberculosis based on blended teaching

Chen Yimei, Zhao Lin

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  352-356.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230104

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Objective: Through interns’ feedback and relevant scales, evaluate the role of the mixed teaching model in the teaching of diabetes and tuberculosis comorbidity during internships in mastering relevant professional knowledge. Methods: Selecting 64 interns who rotated in the Endocrinology Department of the Eighth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital from March 2021 to March 2022 as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table method. The observation group (a combination of traditional teaching mode, case-based learning mode, and problem-based learning mode) had 32 interns, and the control group (a traditional teaching mode) had 32 interns. The theoretical assessment of basic knowledge of diabetes was carried out on the day of admission. All interns shall complete the theoretical examination and evaluation of the knowledge of diabetes and tuberculosis comorbidity within 3 days after the end of the course. Distribute anonymous evaluation questionnaires to two groups of interns (mainly focusing on students’ self-evaluation of their corresponding knowledge mastery level and satisfaction with the teaching mode). A total of 64 questionnaires were distributed, with a recovery rate of 100.0%. Results: After the course, the score of the theoretical knowledge examination of diabetes and tuberculosis comorbidity in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group with a statistically significant difference (89.25±4.68 vs 73.53±4.41, t=13.816, P<0.001). The results of the questionnaire showed that the self-evaluation score of the observation group in learning the knowledge of the comorbidity of diabetes and tuberculosis was higher than that of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (8.05±0.65 vs 6.54±0.58,t=9.816, P<0.001). The satisfaction score for teaching in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (8.61±0.40 vs 6.55±0.42,t=19.897, P<0.001). Conclusion: The blended teaching mode in the teaching activities of diabetes combined with tuberculosis as an example in the internal division has achieved better results, which is conducive to stimulating students’ interest in learning, improving students’ learning efficiency, and forming scientific diagnosis and treatment ideas.

Original Articles

Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students of Rizhao City in Shandong Province form 2013 to 2022

Qin Xueling, Chen Li, Dang Chuanxin, Li Zongfang

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  357-363.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230078

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Objective: To analyze the characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students epidemic in Rizhao City from 2013 to 2022, so as to do a good job in the prevention and control of school tuberculosis epidemic in Rizhao and develop school tuberculosis prevention and control strategies. Methods: We collected the data on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Rizhao from 2013 to 2022 (including gender, age, registration date, discovery method, treatment classification, and diagnostic result type) from the Information System of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as the population data of the whole population and middle school students in the “Rizhao Statistical Yearbook”, and analyzed the epidemic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Rizhao. Results: There was no significant trend in the annual registration rate of pulmonary tuberculosis patients among students in Rizhao from 2013 to 2022, from 9.84/100000 (43/437000) in 2013 to 13.45/100000 (59/439000) in 2022 ( {\chi }_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}^2=0.890, P=0.498). But the proportion of student patients in the total population of tuberculosis patients (increased from 3.67% (43/1172) in 2013 to 9.12% (59/647) in 2022) showed a slow upward trend ( {\chi }_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}^2=17.320, P=0.003). Among the 508 registered cases of pulmonary tuberculosis among students, male accounted for 58.07% (295 cases), female accounted for 41.93% (213 cases), the gender difference among students in different years was statistically significant (χ²=15.238, P=0.039). There was a statistically significant difference in the registration rate of pulmonary tuberculosis among different age groups (χ²=36.452, P<0.001); the 16-18 year old group had the most (50.39% (256 cases)), followed by the ≥19 year old group (42.91% (218 cases)), and the 0-12 year old group had the least (0.98% (5 cases)). The proportion of actively discovered student patients had been increasing year by year (from 9.30% (4/43) in 2013 to 32.20% (19/59) in 2022), the difference discover way in different years was statistically significant (χ²=23.611, P=0.005). The high incidence period of student patients was in June (11.22% (57 cases)) and October (13.98% (71 cases)) every year, with a small peak in March (9.45% (48 cases)) and December (9.25% (47 cases)). Conclusion: The student tuberculosis epidemic in Rizhao was relatively stable, and the active detection strategy had resulted in an increasing proportion of student tuberculosis cases in the population. Attention should be paid to the tuberculosis screening of students, especially male students in high schools and universities, during the review of final examinations and after the beginning of summer school. The quality and timeliness of screening should be improved.

Random forest algorithm-based study of risk factors for tuberculosis incidence in an elderly mobile population

Ma Jianjun, Zhang Tiejuan, Zhao Qinglong, Yu Shihui, Mei Yang

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  364-369.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230087

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Objective: To use the machine learning algorithm—random forest to establish a risk model of tuberculosis incidence among elderly mobile population in Jilin Province, so as to provide a reference for the development of prevention and treatment strategies for key populations of tuberculosis. Methods: Using a case-control study with a 1∶1 matching design, 281 tuberculosis patients ≥60 years from the migrant population registered in Jilin Province in 2021 were selected as the case group, and 281 gender-matched healthy non-local household members were selected as the control group, 70% (393 cases) and 30% (169 cases) of the data were randomly selected as the training and test sets, and random forest algorithm was used to model the incidence risk of tuberculosis using R Software Version 4.2.1. Results: The top 5 risk factors for morbidity were history of exposure to tuberculosis patients, change of job, poor personal protection, smoking, and low intake of meat, eggs and milk, the average decline of Gini were 44.344, 29.007, 21.859, 19.703 and 15.242, respectively; the optimal number of trees in the model was 281, and the error rate of out-of-bag data was 6.44%; area under the ROC curve was 0.967; the random forest algorithm was cross-validated using the Caret package 10-fold with a 93.5% correct rate and a Kappa value of 0.870. Conclusion: Elderly mobile population with a history of contact with tuberculosis patients were at highest risk of infection, thus normalized tuberculosis prevention and control should emphasize on isolation of infectious tuberculosis patients and strengthening personal protection and nutritional intake.

Analysis of influencing factors of delayed negative conversion of sputum bacteria in drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis patients with diabetes during intensive treatment

Yang Liangzi, Wang Yuxiang, Tan Jie, Zheng Junfeng, Fu Liang, Deng Guofang, Zhang Peize

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  370-375.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230066

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Objective: To explore the risk factors of delayed sputum smear or culture conversion at the end of 2-month of intensive treatment in cases with drug susceptible tuberculosis (DSPTB) complicated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 70 DSPTB-DM patients in the prospective cohort of “Randomized controlled clinical trial of optimal anti-tuberculosis regimen for drug-sensitive tuberculosis combined with diabetes” in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital from May 2021 to July 2022. According to the study protocol, all study subjects were treated with H-R-Z-E (H: isoniazid; R: rifampicin; Z: pyrazinamide; E: ethambutol) for 2 months intensive treatment, sputum were tested with acid-fast bacilli smear microscopy and tuberculosis mycobacteria culture and divided into sputum negative conversion group and non-negative conversion group at the end of 2 months of intensive treatment. The clinical data of the subjects were collected, including age, sex, body mass index, nutritional screening score (NRS-2002), diagnosis sequence of DM and PTB, sputum acid-fast bacilli smear microscopy results, chest imaging fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin, and peripheral blood laboratory test indicators. The risk factors associated with delayed sputum smear or culture conversion were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Seventy subjects were treated with 2-month intensive treatment. Of them, 20 cases (28.6%; negative conversion group) did not obtained sputum negative conversion and 50 cases (71.4%; non-negative conversion group) obtained sputum negative conversion. At the beginning of anti-tuberculosis treatment, a total of 19 cases were simultaneous diagnosed with DM and PTB, of which 8 cases were in the negative group, accounting for 42.1%; in the negative group, 16.0% (8/50) were diagnosed at the same time, which was lower than that in the non-negative group (55.0%, 11/20), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=9.104, P=0.003). In the non-negative group, 85.0% (17/20) cases had lung cavities on chest imaging, which was significantly higher than that in the negative group (48.0%, 24/50; χ²=6.607, P=0.010). Multivariate analysis showed that the simultaneous diagnosis of DM and PTB (OR=11.003, 95%CI: 2.548-61.956) and the presence of chest imaging cavities (OR=7.711, 95%CI: 1.837-45.099) were independent risk factors of delayed negative conversion of sputum bacteria in patients with DSPTB-DM during intensive treatment. Conclusion: DSPTB-DM patients have a low rate of sputum negative conversion during the intensification phase of anti-tuberculosis treatment. At the beginning of treatment, it is important to pay attention to the patients with comorbidities between DM and PTB, as well as those with cavities in lung imaging, may experience delayed sputum negative conversion at the end of the intensification phase.

Analysis of the treatment outcome and influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in floating population in Tongzhou District of Beijing, 2012—2021

Yang Chao, Wang Jing, Xie Ke, Tang Guilin

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  376-382.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230050

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Objective: To analyze the treatment outcome and influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in floating population in Tongzhou District of Beijing, and to provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of PTB among floating population. Methods: The data of PTB patients of floating population in Tongzhou District of Beijing from 2012 to 2021 was extracted from the Tuberculosis Management Information System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, including gender, age, ethnicity group, occupation, case source, treatment classification, etiological result, complication, treatment outcome, firstly-diagnosed medical institution and so on. Influencing factors of treatment outcomes were analyzed by chi-squared test and multi-variable logistic regression. Results: From 2012 to 2021, a total of 3022 cases of PTB patients from floating population were registered in Tongzhou District. The incidence increased from 34.48/100000 (210/609000) in 2012 to 62.36/100000 (444/712000) in 2016 ( {\chi }_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}^2=32.913,P<0.001), and then decreased to 37.80/100000 (381/1008000) in 2021 ( {\chi }_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}^2=15.061,P<0.001). The treatment success rate was 94.38% (3022/3202), and the rate of adverse outcomes was 5.62% (180/3202). Multi-variable logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=0.527,95%CI:0.369-0.752) was a protective factor for the treatment outcome.Patients aged 25-44 years old (OR=3.246,95%CI:1.771-5.951),45-64 years old (OR=2.575,95%CI:1.531-4.329),being minority ethnic group members (OR=2.720,95%CI:1.679-4.406), without etiological results (OR=2.085,95%CI:1.239-3.360), not using fixed dose combination (FDC) of anti-tuberculosis drugs (OR=2.148,95%CI:1.280-3.605) were risk factors for adverse treatment outcomes. Conclusion: The treatment outcome of PTB patients in floating population was related with gender, age, ethnicity group, etiological results and FDC usage. We should implement targeted intervention strategies.

Analysis of physical function and influencing factors in elderly inpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Yang Ting, Xie Fanghui, Yao Rong

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  383-390.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230077

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Objective: To investigate the physical function and influencing factors of elderly hospitalized pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: A total of 429 elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients (aged 60-95 years) who were hospitalized in the Tuberculosis Department of Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center from June 2021 to December 2021 as the research subjects were conveniently selected, and information of them were collected, including the age, gender, marital status, residence, education level, smoking history, drinking history, body mass index, drug resistance, treatment classification, and sputum bacterial test results of the research subjects. The Barthel index (BI), Berg balance scale (BBS), and Morse fall assessment scale (MFS) were used to evaluate the physical function of the study subjects. Results: The BI score of the study subjects was 81.97±17.62, the BBS score was 49.82±11.09, and the MFS score was 41.90±12.79. The scores of BBS, BI, and MFS in elderly tuberculosis patients aged over 80 years old were 40.32±14.56, 72.76±17.66, and 51.58±12.63, respectively, while the scores of those aged 60-70 years were 51.80±9.78, 84.92±15.69, and 40.06±12.22, respectively; multiple regression analysis showed that the older the elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the poorer their ability to perform daily activities (standard regression coefficient: -0.183, t=-3.797, P<0.001), balance and gait abilities (standardized regression coefficient: -0.245, t=-5.220, P<0.001), and the greater the risk of falling (standardized regression coefficient 0.187, t=3.802, P<0.001). The scores of BBS, BI, and MFS in elderly tuberculosis patients with body mass index <18.5 were 45.07±14.03, 75.82±17.82, and 46.12±12.83, respectively, while the scores of those who with body mass index between 24.0 and 28.0 were 53.13±6.86, 89.29±12.44, and 37.46±11.74, respectively; multiple regression analysis showed that elderly tuberculosis patients with lower body mass index had poorer activities of daily living (standardized regression coefficient: 0.146, t=3.086, P=0.002), poorer balance and gait abilities (standardized regression coefficient: 0.133, t=2.806, P=0.005), and higher risk of falling (standardized regression coefficient: -0.119, t=-2.477, P=0.014). The scores of BBS, BI, and MFS in elderly tuberculosis patients with 5-6 comorbidities were 48.18±11.64, 82.27±20.78, and 38.64±15.35, respectively, while the scores in elderly tuberculosis patients with 1-2 comorbidities were 51.55±8.86, 84.76±14.39, and 41.37±12.35, respectively; multiple regression analysis showed that elderly tuberculosis patients with more comorbidities had poorer activities of daily living (standardized regression coefficient: -0.139, t=-2.967, P=0.003), as well as poorer balance and gait abilities (standardized regression coefficient: -0.162, t=-3.494, P=0.001). The BBS score of elderly tuberculosis patients with positive sputum bacteria was 48.75±11.37, significantly lower than that of those with negative sputum bacteria (50.64±10.90, t=1.722, P=0.046). Conclusion: In elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the older the age, the lower the body mass index, the more comorbidities, and the positive sputum bacteria result in lower physical function. In the diagnosis and treatment process, comprehensive evaluation and early intervention should be combined with the relevant influencing factors of decreased physical function.

Review Articles

Research progress in the application of peak inspiratory flow rate measurement in chronic airway diseases

Meng Weiwei, Zeng Huihui, Chen Yan

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  391-396.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230088

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Chronic airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, pose a great burden to the global public health system due to their increasing morbidity and mortality. Inhaled therapy is an effective means for the treatment of chronic airway diseases, and the correct selection and use of inhalation devices is an indispensable part of the management of chronic airway diseases. However, how to choose suitable inhalation devices for patients has always been a problem for clinicians. Peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) has been recommended as an important step in the process of individualized inhalation device selection by Chinese Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, this review will summarize the current research progress of PIFR measurement in chronic airway diseases, and discuss its guiding significance in the treatment of chronic airway diseases.

Programmed cell death and its research progress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Cui Yanan, Chen Yan

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  397-406.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230092

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has caused a considerable economic and social burden. However, its underlying cellular and molecular biological mechanisms have not been fully understood. Studying the regulation of cell death is crucial for exploring the mechanisms of different phenotypes in COPD. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process of cell death mediated by molecular programs regulated by specific genes, involving signaling cascades. It has unique biochemical, morphological, and immunological characteristics and plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The common PCD patterns include cell apoptosis, autophagy, necrotic apoptosis, and pyroptosis, as well as ferroptosis discovered in recent years. There is a cross interaction between multiple PCD modes, which together affect the cell outcome. More and more studies have shown that PCD is closely related to the occurrence and development of COPD. Deeply understanding the relationship between different PCD modes and the pathogenesis of COPD and further exploring the interactions between various PCD modes are beneficial for achieving comprehensive intervention in COPD, which may provide new choices for the prevention and treatment of patients with COPD.

Comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Luo Chenyang, He Zhiyi

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  407-412.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230097

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airflow limitation and airway obstruction. COPD often co-exists with other systemic diseases that have an effect on the acute exacerbation, poor prognosis and increasing mortality in COPD patients. Thus, studying the comorbidities of COPD is of great significance for improving patients’ quality of life and prognosis. We reviewed the incidence, mechanism and treatment of COPD-associated comorbidities in order to provide further understanding of the diseases.

Research progress of chest tightness variant asthma and comparison with typical asthma

Guo Jing, Lou Nannan, Li Jialin, Zhang Hua, Ma Xiang

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  413-418.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230075

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As a chronic respiratory disease, asthma is a global concern. Chest tightness variant asthma (CTVA) is a type of asthma with chest tightness as the only symptom proposed in 2013, as the concept of CTVA was proposed in a short time and the symptoms were even more atypical, some medical personnel and the general population had insufficient cognition of CTVA, and it was more likely to cause underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis for children whose symptoms were difficult to describe. In order to improve the understanding of CTVA and diagnosis and treatment ability of clinicians, this review summarized the clinical symptoms, pathological mechanism, disease stage, triggering factors, severe attack, complication, auxiliary examination and therapy of CTVA and compared it with typical asthma.

Research progress on tuberculosis patients treatment adherence: current status, influencing factors, and intervention measures

Ruan Shujin, Zeng Jian, Chen Jingfang, Wang Xiufen, Liu Linlin, Jiang Youli, Li Mengjun

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  419-424.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230076

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Anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment requires long-term, regulated administration of multiple drugs, which can easily lead to non-adherence during treatment and affect treatment outcomes. This article aims to review the current status, influencing factors and intervention measures of treatment adherence of TB patients, and provide reference for improving treatment adherence among TB cases.

Research progress of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema

Feng Yi, Chang Qing, Li Feng

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  425-431.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230090

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Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is an underrecognized syndrome characterized by progressive deterioration of respiratory symptoms, with imaging findings of emphysema in the upper lobe and fibrosis in the lower lobe. Lung function is characterized by relative lung volume retention and gas diffusion capacity decreased. Pulmonary hypertension and lung cancer are common comorbidities and the prognosis is poor. Further understanding of CPFE disease is helpful to clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of CPFE. Therefore, the authors summarized the research progress of CPFE in recent years, including epidemiology, pathogenesis and risk factors, clinical manifestations, lung function, imaging findings, diagnosis, treatment, complications and prognosis.

Research progress of tuberculosis health education in primary medical and health institutions

Wan Ying

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2023, 4(5):  432-436.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20230079

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Primary medical and health institutions are the foundation of China's medical and health service network, and also an important part of China's tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control service system. They undertake important functions such as screening and promotion of suspected TB symptoms, report and referral of suspected patients, active screening of key populations, tracking and management of TB patients, as well as health education and so on. They play an irreplaceable key role in TB control. Health education runs through the whole TB prevention and treatment, is an important means of TB prevention and control, and is also the necessary ability to assure TB prevention and treatment successfully for basic medical and health institutions. Aiming to improve the level and effectiveness of TB health education, as well as to improve the ability of TB prevention and treatment, we describe the significance of primary medical and health institution in TB health education, analysis the current status and suggest increasing professional staff, establishing standardized training mechanism, carrying out targeted and various health education, formulating standards for TB health education in basic medical and health institution.