Abstract: Objective To observe and evaluate the clinical efficacy of a combination regimen with sparfloxacin(Sfx),capreomycin(Cm)in the treatment of multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberaulosis(MDR-TB).Methods One hundred and four patients with MDR-TB were enrolled and divided randomly into the treatment group (3(Cm+Sfx+L₂+D+TH)/15(Sfx+L₂+D+TH)) (52 cases)and the control group (3(L₂ZED+Am)/15L₂ED) (52 cases). The sputum negative conversion rate,chest X-ray improvement rate,cavity closure rate and the side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs were observed. Statistics analysis were using χ² test,the P<0.05 was considered statistical significance.Results The sputum negative conversion rates in the treatment group were 53.8%(28/52)at the 3rd month,73.1%(38/52)at the 6th month,80.8%(42/52)at the 12th month,and 88.5%(46/52)at the end of therapeutic course,while those of the control group were 15.4%(8/52),42.3%(22/52),57.7%(30/52)and 65.4%(34/52)respectively with statistically significant difference(χ²1=17.0,P<0.01;χ²₂=10.1,P<0.01;χ²3=6.5,P<0.05;χ²4=7.8,P<0.01).The improvement rates of chest X-ray were 90.4%(47/52)and the cavity closure rates were 81.6%(31/38)in the treatment group,while those of the control group were 67.3%(35/52)and 57.1%(20/35)respectively with statistically significant difference(χ²1=8.3,P<0.01;χ²₂=4.7,P<0.05)at the end of therapeutic course.Conclusion The regimen which contains sparfloxacin and capreomycin is helpful to the sputum smear negative conversion and absorption of the focus.