Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of different ways of nursing intervention on bronchial tuberculosis airway stenosis treaded by balloon dilatation with fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Methods Of 107 patients with bronchial tuberculosis airway stenosis were randomly divided into study group (54 patients) and control group (53 patients). On the basis of routine tuberculosis medical care, comprehensive care was given to the patients in study group, including the establishment of the preoperative good relationship between doctor and patient, psychological care delivery, the intraoperative and postoperative condition observation, the nursing care during fiexible bronchofiberscope going through the glottis, the nursing care of postural drainage combined with posture productive cough therapy and guidance after discharge, etc. Routine TB medical care was given to patients of control group. The nursing effect was evaluated by periodic review rate, treatment complement rate and effective rate of treatment after discharge. SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was applied to compare the rates between two groups. P<0.05 was set as the criteria of statistical significance.Results The periodic review rate, the treatment complement rate and the effective rate of treatment were 100.0% (54/54), 98.1%(53/54) and 96.3% (52/54) in the study group, which were significant higher than those in the control group (77.4% (41/53), 56.6% (30/53) and 56.6% (30/53)) (χ² values were 13.771, 26.533 and 23.535. all P<0.05).Conclusion On the basis of the routine tuberculosis medical care, comprehensive care should be given to the patients with bronchial tuberculosis airway stenosis, including individualized care program, psychological care delivery, the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative nursing intervention in the bronchial balloon dilatation, such as psychological care, the nursing care during fiexible bronchofiberscopy going through the glottis, the nursing care of postural drainage combined with posture productive cough therapy and guidance after discharge, which can by which the compliance, the completed treatment rate and the effective rate of the treatment can improve the compliance of treatment, the treatment complement rate and effective rate of treatment, and is worthy of clinical application.