Analysis of tuberculosis infection and associated factors among household close contacts of active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Hechuan District, Chongqing City

doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20260094

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among household close contacts of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and associated risk factors in Hechuan District, Chongqing, so as to assess their willingness to receive preventive therapy,and provide evidence for developing household-based intervention strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 209 household close contacts of 134 active PTB patients newly registered at local designated PTB clinics from September 2023 to June 2025 were enrolled. All participants underwent recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (EC) skin tests, chest X-ray examinations, and questionnaire interviews. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with infection. Results: The tuberculosis infection rate was 19.62% (41/209) by EC skin test among close contacts. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sputum smear positivity of the index case (aOR=3.116, 95%CI: 1.421-6.832), alcohol consumption habits (aOR=3.601, 95%CI: 1.327-9.774), diabetes mellitus (aOR=4.969, 95%CI: 1.098-22.495), and non-tuberculosis chest X-ray abnormalities (aOR=11.400, 95%CI: 1.188-109.383) were more likely to be associated with tuberculosis infection. Among EC-positive close contacts, the acceptance rate of preventive treatment was 61.11% (22/36). The main reasons for refusal treatment were “misconception of asymptomatic status” (78.57%(11/14)) and “fear of adverse drug reactions” (50.00%(7/14)). Conclusion: Household close contacts are at relatively high infection risk of tuberculosis infection. Key influencing factors include infectivity of the index case, diabetes mellitus, non-tuberculosis chest X-ray abnormalities, and unhealthy lifestyles such as alcohol consumption. Therefore, targeted screening should be prioritized for these four categories of close contacts. Enhanced health education is also needed to improve preventive treatment coverage.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Family, Cross infection, Contact tracing, Factor analysis, statistical, Protective agents

CLC Number:

Yi Benju, Tang Yuhong, Mo Yixin, Jiang Lina, Liao Yi. Analysis of tuberculosis infection and associated factors among household close contacts of active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Hechuan District, Chongqing City[J]. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2026, 7(5): 581-588. doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20260094

Figures/Tables 3

特征	调查人数(名)	阳性[例(构成比,%)]	阴性[名(构成比,%)]	χ²值	P值
指示病例
痰涂片结果				8.754	0.003
阳性	102	29(28.43)	73(71.57)
阴性	107	12(11.21)	95(88.79)
肺部空洞				-	0.238
有	20	6(30.00)	14(70.00)
无	189	35(18.52)	154(81.48)
治疗类型				-	0.066
初治	190	34(17.89)	156(82.11)
复治	19	7(36.84)	12(63.16)
肺外结核				-	1.000
有	7	1(1/7)	6(6/7)
无	202	40(19.80)	162(80.20)
密切接触者
年龄组(岁)				0.260	0.610
≤60	147	27(18.37)	120(81.63)
>60	62	14(22.58)	48(77.42)
性别				0.000	0.995
男性	74	14(18.92)	60(81.08)
女性	135	27(20.00)	108(80.00)
职业				-	0.061
农民	80	21(26.25)	59(73.75)
其他	48	13(27.08)	35(72.92)
学生	39	3(7.69)	36(92.31)
家务及待业	32	3(9.38)	29(90.62)
个体户	7	1(1/7)	6(6/7)
干部职员	3	0(0/3)	3(3/3)
文化程度				-	0.331
初中及同等学历	39	10(25.64)	29(74.36)
大学本科	2	1(1/2)	1(1/2)
大学专科	9	2(2/9)	7(7/9)
高中及同等学历	29	7(24.14)	22(75.86)
小学及以下	130	21(16.15)	109(83.85)
户籍				0.780	0.377
农村	112	25(22.32)	87(77.68)
城镇	97	16(16.49)	81(83.51)
家庭年收入(万元)				-	0.062
<3	118	30(25.42)	88(74.58)
3~5	71	9(12.68)	62(87.32)
≥6	20	2(10.00)	18(90.00)
吸烟习惯				-	0.028
有	24	9(37.50)	15(62.50)
无	185	32(17.30)	153(82.70)
饮酒习惯				-	0.023
有	23	9(39.13)	14(60.87)
无	186	32(17.20)	154(82.80)
糖尿病				-	0.016
有	9	5(5/9)	4(4/9)
无	200	36(18.00)	164(82.00)
胸片非结核异常				-	0.001
是	6	5(5/6)	1(1/6)
否	203	36(17.73)	167(82.27)
与患者共同居住				1.600	0.206
是	166	36(21.69)	130(78.31)
否	43	5(11.63)	38(88.37)
共用卧室				1.510	0.219
是	35	10(28.57)	25(71.43)
否	174	31(17.82)	143(82.18)
结核病防治核心知识				2.464	0.117
知晓	128	30(23.44)	98(76.56)
不知晓	81	11(13.58)	70(86.42)

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变量	β值	s${}_{\overline{\mathit{x}}}$值	Wald χ²值	P值	aOR(95%CI)值
指示病例因素
痰涂片阳性	1.136	0.401	8.046	0.005	3.116(1.421~6.832)
接触者因素
有饮酒习惯	1.281	0.509	6.324	0.012	3.601(1.327~9.774)
有糖尿病	1.603	0.770	4.330	0.038	4.969(1.098~22.495)
胸片非结核异常	2.434	1.154	4.450	0.035	11.400(1.188~109.383)