支气管哮喘急性发作住院患儿家属护理依赖与出院准备度的相关性及影响因素分析

doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20260065

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探讨支气管哮喘急性发作住院患儿家属护理依赖与出院准备度的相关性。方法: 采用横断面研究对2024年1月至2025年10月莆田市第一医院支气管哮喘急性发作住院198例患儿及其家属进行调查,使用一般资料调查表、护理依赖量表、出院准备度量表收集资料,使用Pearson相关性分析支气管哮喘急性发作住院患儿家属护理依赖与出院准备度的相关性,采用多元线性回归分析支气管哮喘急性发作住院患儿家属出院准备度的影响因素。结果: 198例支气管哮喘急性发作住院患儿家属的护理依赖量表评分为(46.15±5.17)分,出院准备度量表评分为(93.31±7.19)分,其中出院准备度量表的个人状态维度评分为(22.34±3.05)分,适应能力维度评分为(39.45±3.05)分,预期性支持维度评分为(31.52±3.22)分。Pearson相关性分析显示,支气管哮喘急性发作住院患儿家属护理依赖与出院准备度各维度分数和总分数具有正相关关系(r值分别为0.236、0.262、0.283、0.337,P值均<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,患儿年龄≥6岁(标准化系数β=0.137,P=0.023)、住院时长<7d(标准化系数β=0.137,P=0.019)、家属文化水平大学及以上(标准化系数β=0.344,P<0.001)、家庭月收入≥5000元(标准化系数β=0.204,P=0.001)、家属护理依赖(标准化系数β=0.252,P<0.001)均与更高的出院准备度得分独立相关。结论: 支气管哮喘急性发作住院患儿家属护理依赖与出院准备度存在明显正相关,临床需针对患儿及其家属特征,有针对性地提高急性发作住院患儿家属的出院准备度。

关键词: 支气管疾病, 儿科护理学, 出院后医疗, 因素分析, 统计学

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the correlation between care dependency and discharge readiness among family members of hospitalized children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 198 children hospitalized due to acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma and their family members at the First Hospital of Putian City from January 2024 to October 2025. Data were collected using the general information questionnaire, the Care Dependency Scale, and the Discharge Readiness Scale. The correlation between care dependency and discharge readiness among family members of hospitalized children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis, and factors influencing discharge readiness were identified with multiple linear regression. Results: The score of the Care Dependency Scale for 198 family members of hospitalized children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma was 46.15±5.17, and the score of the Discharge Readiness Scale was 93.31±7.19. Among the dimensions of the Discharge Readiness Scale, the personal status dimension scored 22.34±3.05, the adaptability dimension scored 39.45±3.05, and the anticipatory support dimension scored 31.52±3.22. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the care dependency of family members of hospitalized children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma was positively correlated with the scores of each dimension and the total score of the Discharge Readiness Scale (r=0.236, 0.262, 0.283, 0.337, all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that child’s age ≥6 years (standardized regression coefficient=0.137, P=0.023), length of hospital stay <7 days (standardized regression coefficient=0.137, P=0.019), family members’ educational level of college degree or above (standardized regression coefficient=0.344, P<0.001), family monthly income ≥5000 yuan (standardized regression coefficient=0.204, P=0.001), and family members’ care dependency (standardized regression coefficient=0.252, P<0.001) were independently associated with higher scores of readiness for hospital discharge. Conclusion: There is a significant positive correlation between care dependency of family members of hospitalized children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma and readiness for hospital discharge. Clinically, targeted measures should be taken according to the characteristics of children and their caregivers to improve their discharge readiness.

Key words: Bronchial diseases, Pediatric nursing, Aftercare, Factor analysis, statistical

中图分类号:

谢婷婷, 叶宝宝. 支气管哮喘急性发作住院患儿家属护理依赖与出院准备度的相关性及影响因素分析[J]. 结核与肺部疾病杂志, 2026, 7(4): 514-519. doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20260065

Xie Tingting, Ye Baobao. Correlation and influencing factors between care dependency of family members of hospitalized children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma and readiness for hospital discharge[J]. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2026, 7(4): 514-519. doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20260065

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参考文献 19

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因素	人数 (例/名)	出院准备度得分 (分,$\overline{\mathit{x}}$±s)	统计检验值	P值
患儿因素
年龄(岁)			t=4.141	<0.001
<6	118	91.68±7.35
≥6	80	95.71±6.27
性别			t=0.921	0.358
男性	112	93.71±7.57
女性	86	92.78±6.68
住院时长(d)			t=4.437	<0.001
≥7	80	90.68±7.92
<7	118	95.09±6.07
家属因素
年龄(岁)			t=0.147	0.883
<35	140	93.26±6.96
≥35	58	93.43±7.79
与患儿关系			F=1.174	0.311
父亲	44	94.77±7.54
母亲	103	92.89±7.00
其他	51	92.88±7.26
文化水平			t=8.087	<0.001
高中及以下	84	89.12±6.29
大学及以上	114	96.39±6.20
职业			F=1.456	0.228
私企员工	84	92.67±6.70
公务员及事业单位人员	32	95.53±6.77
个体经营者	48	92.60±7.44
无业	34	93.79±8.21
居住地			t=0.705	0.482
农村	134	93.57±6.72
城镇	64	92.75±8.13
家庭月收入(元)			t=6.371	<0.001
<5000	60	88.80±8.04
≥5000	138	95.27±5.82

变量	赋值
患儿年龄	<6岁=0,≥6岁=1
住院时长	≥7d=0,<7d=1
家属文化水平	高中及以下=0,大学及以上=1
家庭月收入	<5000元=0,≥5000元=1
护理依赖	原值输入

因素	非标准化系数		标准化系数β值	t值	P值	95%CI值	共线性统计量
因素	β值	标准误差	标准化系数β值	t值	P值	95%CI值	容差	VIF
患儿年龄≥6岁	2.004	0.875	0.137	2.291	0.023	0.279~3.729	0.842	1.187
住院时长<7d	2.009	0.853	0.137	2.356	0.019	0.327~3.692	0.886	1.129
家属文化水平大学及以上	4.994	0.886	0.344	5.639	<0.001	3.247~6.741	0.810	1.235
家庭月收入≥5000元	3.193	0.944	0.204	3.382	0.001	1.331~5.055	0.824	1.213
家属护理依赖	0.351	0.079	0.252	4.429	<0.001	0.195~0.508	0.928	1.078
常量	57.785	3.919	-	14.744	<0.001	50.055~65.516	-	-