肺结核患者家庭密接者结核分枝杆菌感染风险及预防研究进展

doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024168

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肺结核患者家庭密切接触者(简称“密接者”)感染结核分枝杆菌的风险较普通人群显著升高,其感染结核分枝杆菌受到包括社会人口学特征、个人行为习惯、自身健康状况、指示病例特征及家庭环境等多重因素影响,同时也面临着诊断技术、筛查指南和预防性治疗依从性等方面的诸多挑战。本文通过检索PubMed、中国知网、万方等数据库2015—2024年间发表的相关文献,重点探讨家庭密接者结核分枝杆菌感染的流行病学特征、诊断方法进展、影响因素及预防性治疗等方面的研究进展,旨在为今后的相关研究提供依据,并为提高各级医务工作者对肺结核家庭密接者的早期筛查和诊断意识、促进此类人群主动接受预防性治疗提供助力,从根本上降低结核病的发病风险,实现2035年全球终止结核病流行的目标。

关键词: 结核,肺, 家庭卫生, 接触者追踪, 流行病学研究, 因素分析,统计学, 预防和防护用药

Abstract:

Household close contacts (HCCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients face a significantly elevated risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection compared to the general population, influenced by multifaceted determinants including sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral habits, health status, index case attributes, and household environmental factors, and also faced the diagnostic technology, screening guidelines and preventive treatment compliance to many challenges. In this paper, focusing on the epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic methods, influencing factors and preventive treatment of MTB infection in close family contacts were discussed by searching the relevant literatures published in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and other databases from 2015 to 2024.This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent relevant research while enhancing medical practitioners’ awareness of early screening and diagnosis for HCCs of PTB. The findings are expected to facilitate proactive acceptance of preventive treatment among this high-risk population, thereby fundamentally reducing TB incidence rates. Ultimately, this research contributes to achieving the global goal of End TB as a public health threat by 2035.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Family health, Contact tracing, Epidemiologic studies, Factor analysis, statistical, Protective agents

中图分类号:

R521

崔灿灿, 李明武. 肺结核患者家庭密接者结核分枝杆菌感染风险及预防研究进展[J]. 结核与肺部疾病杂志, 2025, 6(2): 234-240. doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024168

Cui Cancan, Li Mingwu. Research progress on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in family close contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients[J]. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2025, 6(2): 234-240. doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024168

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