结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (4): 311-316.doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024096

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2019—2023年四川省凉山彝族自治州美姑县肺结核流行病学特征分析

勒者拉机1, 何新1, 徐强1, 范丽1, 曹红菊1, 孙闪华2()   

  1. 1四川省凉山彝族自治州美姑县疾病预防控制中心,美姑 616450
    2北京市疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制所,北京 100035
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-29 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-08-13
  • 通信作者: 孙闪华 E-mail:sunshanhua2010@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国性病艾滋病防治协会凉山州“三线一网底”能力建设开放式小额资助项目(LS2024OR 07)

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis from Meigu County,Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2019 to 2023

Lezhe Laji1, He Xin1, Xu Qiang1, Fan Li1, Cao Hongju1, Sun Shanhua2()   

  1. 1Meigu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Meigu County Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, Meigu 616450, China
    2Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100035,China
  • Received:2024-05-29 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-08-13
  • Contact: Sun Shanhua E-mail:sunshanhua2010@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Open project of small-fund for capacity building in Liangshan supported by CASAPC(LS2024OR 07)

摘要:

目的:分析 2019—2023 年四川省凉山彝族自治州美姑县肺结核流行病学特征,为结核病防控提供依据。方法:通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”的子系统“结核病信息管理系统”收集肺结核报告发病数据,收集美姑县2023年全民筛查现场摸底人口数据,采用描述性流行病学方法对资料进行分析。结果:2019—2023年累计报告现住址为美姑县的肺结核患者4598例,报告发病率呈上升趋势(Cochran-Armitage 趋势检验,Z=14.90,P<0.01),平均报告发病率为375.23/10万。报告患者中51.89%(2386/4598)由美姑县以外的机构报告。美姑县下辖的18个乡(镇)均报告有肺结核患者,平均报告发病率前5位的乡(镇)分别是拉马镇(634.57/10万)、洛俄依甘乡(448.24/10万)、柳洪乡(442.05/10万)、侯古莫镇(431.14/10万)和典补乡(431.09/10万),报告发病率最低的是洪溪镇(213.20/10万)。报告的肺结核患者中,男女之比为1.40∶1(2683/1915);男性发病率(432.72/10万)高于女性发病率(156.28/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ2=121.32,P<0.01)。15~65岁年龄组占78.77%(3622/4598);10~19岁的青少年发病率为400.25/10万,其中15岁以下儿童发病率为154.99/10万。职业以农民为主(67.14%,3087/4598),其次为学生/教师(24.34%,1119/4598)。结论:美姑县肺结核疫情防控形势十分严峻,应因地制宜采取综合防治措施,重视结核病防治健康教育,提高患者发现水平,加强患者治疗管理,以实现无结核社区和无结核县城。

关键词: 结核, 肺, 流行病学, 发病率, 凉山彝族自治州

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis from Meigu County, Liangshan Prefecture from 2019 to 2023, and to provide basis for tuberculosis prevention and control. Methods: The reported incidence data of pulmonary tuberculosis from Meigu County was collected from the China Tuberculosis Information Management System, and the population data was obtained from survey date during screeing of Meigu County. And then we analyzed the data using the descriptive epidemiological methods. Results: A total of 4598 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Meigu County from 2019 to 2023, the average annual reported incidence rate during this period was 375.23/100000, showing an increasing trend in annual incidence rates (Cochran-Armitage test,Z=14.90,P<0.01). 51.89% (2386/4598) of the reported cases were reported from outside the county. Pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported in all 18 townships in Meigu County, with the top five townships having the highest reported incidence rates being Lama Township (634.57/100000), Luoeyigan Township (448.24/100000), Liuhong Township (442.05/100000), Hougumo Township (431.14/100000), and Dianbu Township (431.09/100000). The lowest reported incidence rate was observed in Hongxi Township (213.20/100000). Among all reported cases,the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis among males (432.72/100000) was higher than that among females (156.28/100000), the difference is statistically significant (χ2=121.32,P<0.01),with a male-to-female ratio of 1.40∶1(2683/1915). 78.77% (3622/4598) of reported cases occurred in the age group of 15-65 years. The incidence rate of adolescents aged 10-19 years is as high as 400.25/100000, of which the incidence rate of children under 15 years old is as high as 154.99/100000.The main occupations of the patients were farmers (67.14%,3087/4598) followed by students/teachers (24.34%,1119/4598). Conclusion: The epidemic situation of pulmonary tuberculosis in Meigu County is very serious. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken according to local conditions, health education for tuberculosis prevention and control should be paid attention to, the level of patient detection should be improved, and the management of patient treatment should be strengthened in order to achieve a TB free community and a TB free county.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Epidemiology, Incidence rate, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture

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