结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (4): 480-486.doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20260054

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于PDCA循环理论实施结核病健康教育和行为干预的效果评价

于燕明, 张晓萌, 万莹, 张国钦, 张帆()   

  1. 天津市结核病控制中心, 天津 300041
  • 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-08-10
  • 通信作者: 张帆 E-mail:Jncdczhf@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    天津市卫生健康科技项目(TJWJ2022QN096)

Evaluation of the effectiveness of tuberculosis health education and behavioral intervention based on the PDCA cycle theory

Yu Yanming, Zhang Xiaomeng, Wan Ying, Zhang Guoqin, Zhang Fan()   

  1. Tianjin Center for Tuberculosis Control, Tianjin 300041, China
  • Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-08-10
  • Contact: Zhang Fan E-mail:Jncdczhf@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Fund program Tianjin Municipal Health Science and Technology Project(TJWJ2022QN096)

摘要:

目的: 评价计划-实施-检查-处理(PDCA)循环健康教育对天津市学生肺结核防治知识及行为的影响。方法: 采用重复横断面调查设计,应用整群抽样法,选取天津市9所结核病疫情相对高发的学校开展PDCA循环健康教育。分别于2021年9月(干预前)和2023年3月(干预后)进行问卷调查,分别回收有效问卷9606份和8936份;同时收集2017年11月至2023年12月期间的学生肺结核患者及接触者信息。采用独立样本χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法对干预前后的差异进行分析。结果: 干预后学生的肺结核核心知识总知晓率[92.71%(74558/80424)]、核心知识全部知晓率[66.55%(5947/8936)]均明显高于干预前[分别为88.73%(76712/86454)和47.37%(4550/9606)],差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为776.34和693.69,P值均<0.001)。相比干预前,干预后学生的肺结核补充知识总知晓率[76.31%(150027/196592)对57.12%(120715/211332)]及全部知晓率[28.59%(2555/8936)对0(0/9606)]均明显提升,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为16807.96和3183.11,P值均<0.001),其中,学生对结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染及抗结核预防性治疗认知仍显不足。干预后学生的肺结核接触者规范筛查率[90.61%(3378/3728)]、抗结核预防性治疗率[11.79%(31/263)]及结核病治疗完成率[96.67%(30/31)]均明显高于干预前[分别为79.66%(13223/16599)、1.43%(25/1742)、80.00%(20/25)],差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为243.83、90.19、4.07,P值均<0.05);而有流行病学关联患者占比[4.17%(3/72)]低于干预前[22.64%(72/318)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.90,P<0.001)。结论: 研究结果初步提示PDCA循环健康教育可有效提升学生结核病认知和行为水平,但需进一步加强学生对结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染及抗结核预防性治疗相关宣传教育。

关键词: 结核, 学生, 健康教育, 对比研究

Abstract:

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle-based health education on pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) prevention and control knowledge and behaviors among students in Tianjin. Methods: A repeated cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Using cluster sampling, 9 schools with relatively high PTB epidemic in Tianjin were selected to carry out PDCA cycle-based health education. Questionnaire surveys were conducted in September 2021 (pre-intervention) and March 2023 (post-intervention), with 9606 and 8936 valid questionnaires collected respectively. Meanwhile, information on student PTB patients and their contacts from November 2017 to December 2023 was collected. Independent samples chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the differences before and after the intervention. Results: After the intervention, the overall awareness rate of core PTB knowledge (92.71% (74558/80424)) and the full awareness rate of core PTB knowledge (66.55% (5947/8936)) were significantly higher than those before the intervention (88.73% (76712/86454) and 47.37% (4550/9606), respectively), with statistically significant differences (χ2=776.34 and 693.69, both P<0.001). Compared with pre-intervention, the overall awareness rate of supplementary PTB knowledge (76.31% (150027/196592) vs. 57.12% (120715/211332)) and the full awareness rate of supplementary PTB knowledge (28.59% (2555/8936) vs. 0 (0/9606)) were significantly improved after the intervention (χ2=16807.96 and 3183.11, both P<0.001). Among them, students still had insufficient cognition of latent tuberculosis infection and anti-tuberculosis preventive treatment. After the intervention, the standardized screening rate of PTB contacts (90.61% (3378/3728)), anti-tuberculosis preventive treatment rate (11.79% (31/263)) and PTB treatment completion rate (96.67% (30/31)) were significantly higher than those before the intervention (79.66% (13223/16599), 1.43% (25/1742) and 80.00% (20/25), respectively), with statistically significant differences (χ2=243.83, 90.19 and 4.07, all P<0.05). While the proportion of epidemiologically linked cases (4.17% (3/72)) was lower than that before the intervention (22.64% (72/318)), with a statistically significant difference (χ2=12.90, P<0.001). Conclusion: The preliminary results indicate that PDCA cycle-based health education can effectively improve students’ cognition and behavioral levels of tuberculosis. However, further strengthening of publicity and education on latent tuberculosis infection and anti-tuberculosis preventive treatment among students is needed.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Students, Health education, Comparative study

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