结核与肺部疾病杂志  2026, Vol. 7 Issue (5): 581-588    DOI: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20260094

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

重庆市合川区活动性肺结核患者家庭密切接触者结核感染状况及相关因素分析

易本菊1(), 唐逾鸿1, 莫沂鑫2, 江莉娜1, 廖懿1   

  1. 1 重庆市合川区疾病预防控制中心结核病防治科, 重庆 401520
    2 北京中医药大学第一临床医学院, 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-30 出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-10-19
  • 通信作者: 易本菊 E-mail:410459381@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市合川区科学技术局科技计划项目(HCKJ-2024-092)

Analysis of tuberculosis infection and associated factors among household close contacts of active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Hechuan District, Chongqing City

Yi Benju1(), Tang Yuhong1, Mo Yixin2, Jiang Lina1, Liao Yi1   

  1. 1 Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Hechuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 401520, China
    2 First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2026-04-30 Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-10-19
  • Contact: Yi Benju E-mail:410459381@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Project of Hechuan District Science and Technology Bureau, Chongqing, China(HCKJ-2024-092)

摘要:

目的: 调查并分析重庆市合川区活动性肺结核患者家庭密切接触者结核分枝杆菌感染现状及其相关影响因素,为评估预防性治疗意愿、制定家庭干预策略提供依据。方法: 采用横断面研究方法,通过问卷调查2023年9月至2025年6月在重庆市合川区结核病定点医疗机构新登记的134例活动性肺结核患者的209名家庭密切接触者,并行重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)皮肤试验和胸部X线检查。采用单因素及多因素logistic回归模型分析结核感染的影响因素。结果: 密切接触者的EC皮肤试验检测结核感染率为19.62%(41/209)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,指示病例痰涂片为阳性(aOR=3.116,95%CI:1.421~6.832)、有饮酒习惯(aOR=3.601,95%CI:1.327~9.774)、有糖尿病(aOR=4.969,95%CI:1.098~22.495)及胸片非结核异常(aOR=11.400,95%CI:1.188~109.383)的密切接触者均更容易发生结核分枝杆菌感染。EC阳性密切接触者中,预防性治疗的接受率为61.11%(22/36),拒绝治疗的主要原因是“无症状认知误区”[78.57%(11/14)]和“对药物不良反应的恐惧”[50.00%(7/14)]。结论: 重庆市合川区肺结核患者家庭密切接触者结核感染风险较高,指示病例有传染性、有糖尿病、胸片非结核异常及有饮酒习惯均是密切接触者发生结核感染的相关因素,故应优先对这四类密切接触者进行精准筛查,并加强针对性健康教育以提高预防性治疗覆盖率。

关键词: 结核,肺, 家庭, 交叉感染, 接触者追踪, 因素分析,统计学, 预防和防护用药

Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among household close contacts of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and associated risk factors in Hechuan District, Chongqing, so as to assess their willingness to receive preventive therapy,and provide evidence for developing household-based intervention strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 209 household close contacts of 134 active PTB patients newly registered at local designated PTB clinics from September 2023 to June 2025 were enrolled. All participants underwent recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (EC) skin tests, chest X-ray examinations, and questionnaire interviews. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with infection. Results: The tuberculosis infection rate was 19.62% (41/209) by EC skin test among close contacts. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sputum smear positivity of the index case (aOR=3.116, 95%CI: 1.421-6.832), alcohol consumption habits (aOR=3.601, 95%CI: 1.327-9.774), diabetes mellitus (aOR=4.969, 95%CI: 1.098-22.495), and non-tuberculosis chest X-ray abnormalities (aOR=11.400, 95%CI: 1.188-109.383) were more likely to be associated with tuberculosis infection. Among EC-positive close contacts, the acceptance rate of preventive treatment was 61.11% (22/36). The main reasons for refusal treatment were “misconception of asymptomatic status” (78.57%(11/14)) and “fear of adverse drug reactions” (50.00%(7/14)). Conclusion: Household close contacts are at relatively high infection risk of tuberculosis infection. Key influencing factors include infectivity of the index case, diabetes mellitus, non-tuberculosis chest X-ray abnormalities, and unhealthy lifestyles such as alcohol consumption. Therefore, targeted screening should be prioritized for these four categories of close contacts. Enhanced health education is also needed to improve preventive treatment coverage.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Family, Cross infection, Contact tracing, Factor analysis, statistical, Protective agents

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