结核与肺部疾病杂志  2026, Vol. 7 Issue (5): 589-595    DOI: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20260078

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2021—2024年重庆市肺结核患者服药依从性及影响因素研究

庞艳, 吴成果, 汪清雅(), 彭朋   

  1. 重庆市结核病防治所区县科, 重庆 400050
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-13 出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-10-19
  • 通信作者: 汪清雅 E-mail:15902381223@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市科卫联合疾控科研项目(2026KWJK1014)

Analysis of the factors influencing medication adherence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Chongqing City from 2021 to 2024

Pang Yan, Wu Chengguo, Wang Qingya(), Peng Peng   

  1. Department of District/County, Institute of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment of Chongqing, Chongqing 400050, China
  • Received:2026-04-13 Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-10-19
  • Contact: Wang Qingya E-mail:15902381223@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Chongqing Science and Health Joint Disease Control Research Project(2026KWJK1014)

摘要:

目的: 分析2021—2024年重庆市肺结核患者服药依从性及相关影响因素,为进一步提升肺结核患者治疗效果提供科学依据。方法: 采用回顾性研究方法,从“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“结核病信息管理系统”中提取2021—2024年登记的肺结核患者病案信息,采用χ2检验和多因素logistic回归分析影响患者服药依从性的相关因素。结果: 共纳入2021—2024年重庆市登记的46321例肺结核患者,规则服药率为98.10%(45440/46321),呈现逐年升高趋势($\chi_{\text {趋势}}^2$ =50.858,P<0.001)。主城都市区(98.92%,21350/21583)和渝东北城镇群(98.57%,15795/16024)规则服药率较高,渝东南城镇群(95.19%,8295/8714)相对较低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=491.962,P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,土家族(OR=1.82, 95%CI:1.45~2.29)、苗族(OR=4.68, 95%CI:3.71~5.90)和其他少数民族(OR=3.83, 95%CI:1.37~10.73)患者的依从率低于汉族;农业劳动者(OR=4.49, 95%CI:1.86~10.86)、机关/事业单位工作人员(OR=4.23, 95%CI:1.59~11.26)、企业员工(OR=4.82, 95%CI:1.92~12.09)、商业/服务业人员(OR=3.30, 95%CI:1.20~9.02)和其他职业患者(OR=3.51, 95%CI:1.46~8.46)的依从率低于学生;复治(OR=1.28, 95%CI:1.03~1.59)患者的依从率低于初治;自服药患者(OR=2.01, 95%CI:1.54~2.63)的依从率低于监督服药;使用抗结核固定剂量复合剂(fixed-dose combination,FDC)(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.04~1.47)患者的依从率低于未使用抗结核FDC的患者;严重不良反应(OR=4.90,95%CI:3.33~7.20)患者的依从率低于无不良反应患者;直接就诊(OR=2.79,95%CI:1.67~4.66)、转诊(OR=2.17,95%CI:1.33~3.52)和追踪(OR=1.95,95%CI:1.16~3.29)患者的依从率分别低于健康体检、主动筛查和其他患者。结论: 重庆市肺结核患者服药依从性整体情况较好,具有明显的时空特征。需重点关注少数民族、农业劳动者、机关事业单位工作人员、企业员工、商业服务人员等职业群体,以及复治、自服药、使用抗结核FDC、不良反应严重、被动发现的患者服药依从性,应制定针对性的干预措施,从而降低患者不良结局的发生风险。

关键词: 结核,肺, 服药依从性, 因素分析,统计学

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the medication adherence and its influencing factors among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in Chongqing from 2021 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for improving treatment outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using medical records of PTB patients registered between 2021 and 2024, extracted from the Tuberculosis Information System,a subsystem of the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with medication adherence. Results: A total of 46321 PTB patients registered in Chongqing from 2021 to 2024 were included, with an overall regular medication rate of 98.10% (45440/46321), showing a significant increasing trend over the years ($\chi_{\text {trend}}^2$=50.858,P<0.001). The regular medication rate was higher in the main urban area (98.92%,21350/21583) and the northeastern urban agglomeration (98.57%,15795/16024), but relatively lower in the southeastern urban agglomeration (95.19%,8295/8714), with a statistically significant difference (χ2=491.962,P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients of Tujia ethnicity (OR=1.82, 95%CI:1.45-2.29), Miao ethnicity (OR=4.68, 95%CI:3.71-5.90), and other ethnic minorities (OR=3.83, 95%CI:1.37-10.73) had lower adherence than Han patients.Compared with students,agricultural workers (OR=4.49,95%CI:1.86-10.86), government/institution staff (OR=4.23,95%CI:1.59-11.26), enterprise employees (OR=4.82,95%CI:1.92-12.09), commercial/service personnel (OR=3.30,95%CI:1.20-9.02), and other occupations (OR=3.51,95%CI:1.46-8.46) all had lower adherence. Retreatment cases (OR=1.28,95%CI:1.03-1.59) had lower adherence than initial treatment cases; patients on self-administered medication (OR=2.01, 95%CI:1.54-2.63) had lower adherence than those under supervised medication; patients using anti-tuberculosis fixed-dose combination (FDC)(OR=1.24, 95%CI:1.04-1.47) had lower adherence than non-users; patients with severe adverse reactions (OR=4.90, 95%CI:3.33-7.20) had lower adherence than those without; and patients identified through direct visits (OR=2.79, 95%CI:1.67-4.66), referral (OR=2.17, 95%CI:1.33-3.52), or tracing (OR=1.95, 95%CI:1.16-3.29) had lower adherence than those detected via health checkups, active screening, or other methods. Conclusion: The overall medication adherence among PTB patients in Chongqing was relatively high, with distinct temporal and spatial characteristics. Targeted interventions should be developed to improve adherence among high-risk groups, including ethnic minorities, agricultural workers, government/institution staff, enterprise employees, and commercial/service personnel, as well as patients who are retreatment cases, on self-administered medication, using anti-tuberculosis FDC, experiencing severe adverse reactions, and detected through passive case-finding approaches, in order to reduce the risk of unfavorable treatment outcomes.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Medication adherence, Factor analysis, statistics

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