结核与肺部疾病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (2): 217-224.doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.20250003

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

肺结核有创机械通气患者肺康复联合早期活动方案的效果分析

玉明柳1(), 龚贝贝2, 陈跃华1, 蓝伟恩1, 韦海明1, 甘霖1, 陈向斓1   

  1. 1南宁市第四人民医院重症医学科,南宁 530023
    2南宁市第四人民医院护理部,南宁 530023
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-18 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-11
  • 通信作者: 玉明柳,Email:337153466@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z20200268)

Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation combined with early mobilization program in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis receiving invasive mechanical ventilation

Yu Mingliu1(), Gong Beibei2, Chen Yuehua1, Lan Weien1, Wei Haiming1, Gan Lin1, Chen Xianglan1   

  1. 1Intensive Care Unit, Nanning Fourth People’s Hospital, Nanning 530023, China
    2Nursing Department, Nanning Fourth People’s Hospital, Nanning 530023, China
  • Received:2024-12-18 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-11
  • Contact: Yu Mingliu, Email: 337153466@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Self-funded Research Project of the Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Z20200268)

摘要:

目的: 构建肺结核有创机械通气患者肺康复联合早期活动方案并观察应用效果。方法: 采用回顾性队列研究设计,按照入组标准选择2021年1—12月南宁市第四人民医院重症医学科收治的53例肺结核有创机械通气患者作为对照组,给予常规方法护理;2022年1—12月收治的54例肺结核有创机械通气患者作为观察组,在对照组护理基础上实施以肺康复联合早期活动方案的干预,由呼吸治疗师为主导的肺康复小组全程指导进行四级肺康复联合早期活动。对两组患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发生率,并发谵妄率,病亡率,ICU住院时间,肺康复后第1、8天的氧合指数,撤机成功率,压力性损伤发生率,深静脉血栓形成发生率,ICU住院费用,肺康复联合早期活动过程中不良事件发生率和训练依从性进行对比分析。结果: 观察组机械通气的持续时间[(6.22±2.30)d]、ICU住院时间[(9.20±1.55)d]、ICU住院费用[49835.46(32178.02,75958.55)元]均低于对照组[分别为(15.60±5.00)d、(17.23±5.23)d、91061.00(75433.83,122598.44)元],VAP的发生率[0.0%(0/54)]、谵妄发生率[5.6%(3/54)]、压力性损伤发生率[0.0%(0/54)]、深静脉血栓发生率[1.9%(1/54)]、撤机成功率[98.1%(53/54)]、病亡率[3.7%(2/54)]、肺康复后第8天的氧合指数[(331.31±134.35)mmHg]均优于对照组[分别为11.3%(6/53)、20.8%(11/53)、9.4%(5/53)、13.2%(7/53)、77.4%(41/53)、20.8%(11/53)、(276.31±80.25)mmHg],差异均有统计学意义(t=―12.431,P<0.001;t=―10.721,P<0.001;Z=―5.499,P<0.001;χ2=6.476,P=0.013;χ2=4.179,P=0.041;χ2=5.344,P=0.027;χ2=4.364,P=0.037;χ2=10.831,P=0.001;χ2=5.776,P=0.016;t=2.790,P=0.008);观察组肺康复前氧合指数[(209.21±87.92)mmHg]和肺康复联合早期活动后第1天的氧合指数[(245.88±126.85)mmHg]、不良事件发生率(33.3%,18/54)、肺康复训练依从性(85.2%,46/54)与对照组[分别为(197.54±79.10)mmHg、(232.20±120.01)mmHg、18.9%(10/53)、90.6%(48/53)]比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=1.440,P=0.153;t=1.248,P=0.215;χ2=2.897,P=0.089;χ2=0.726,P=0.394)。结论: 肺结核有创机械通气患者肺康复联合早期活动方案是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,可降低相关并发症的发生率,缩短患者在ICU住院时间,对肺功能恢复有重要意义。

关键词: 结核, 肺, 通气机, 机械, 康复护理, 方案评价, 治疗结果

Abstract:

Objective: To establish and evaluate the clinical effect of a pulmonary rehabilitation combined with early mobilization program in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. According to inclusion criteria, 53 PTB patients admitted to the ICU of Nanning Fourth People’s Hospital from January to December 2021 were selected as control group and received routine nursing care. From January to December 2022, 54 PTB patients were enrolled as observation group and received pulmonary rehabilitation combined with early mobilization program, guided by a multidisciplinary team led by respiratory therapists. The two groups were compared in terms of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence, delirium episodes, mortality rate, ICU length of stay, oxygenation index on day 1 and 8 post-rehabilitation, extubation success rate, pressure injury incidence, deep vein thrombosis incidence, ICU costs, adverse events during rehabilitation, and compliance with the program. Results: In the observation group, the average duration of mechanical ventilation was (6.22±2.30) days, and the average length of ICU stay was (9.20±1.55) days, and the median ICU hospitalization costs (49835.46 (32178.02, 75958.55) yuan) were all lower than those of the control group ((15.60±5.00) days, (17.23±5.23) days, 91061.00 (75433.83, 122598.44) yuan) while their incidence of VAP (0.0%, 0/54), delirium (5.6%, 3/54), pressure injury (0.0%, 0/54), deep vein thrombosis (1.9%, 1/54), success rate of weaning (98.1%, 53/54), mortality rate (3.7%, 2/54), and the oxygenation index on the 8th day after pulmonary rehabilitation ((331.31±134.35) mmHg) were all better than that of the control group (11.3% (6/53), 20.8% (11/53), 9.4% (5/53), 13.2% (7/53), 77.4% (41/53), 20.8% (11/53), (276.31±80.25) mmHg, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (t=―12.431, P<0.001; t=―10.721, P<0.001; Z=―5.499, P<0.001; χ2=6.476, P=0.013; χ2=4.179, P=0.041; χ2=5.344, P=0.027; χ2=4.364, P=0.037; χ2=10.831, P=0.001; χ2=5.776, P=0.016; t=2.790, P=0.008). The oxygenation index before pulmonary rehabilitation ((209.21±87.92) mmHg) and on the first day after pulmonary rehabilitation combined with early activity ((245.88±126.85) mmHg), incidence of adverse events (33.3%, 18/54), and compliance with pulmonary rehabilitation training (85.2%, 46/54) in the observation group were compared with those in the control group ((197.54±79.10) mmHg, (232.20±120.01) mmHg, 18.9% (10/53), 90.6% (48/53), respectively), and the differences were not statistically significant (t=1.440, P=0.153; t=1.248, P=0.215; χ2=2.897, P=0.089; χ2=0.726, P=0.394). Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation combined with early mobilization program is a safe and effective therapy for PTB patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, could reduce complications, shorten ICU stays, and promote pulmonary function recovery.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary, Ventilators, mechanical, Rehabilitation nursing, Program evaluation, Treatment outcome

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