Abstract: Objective To study the individual psychological characteristics, treatment compliance and the relationship of retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Methods The Eysenck Personality Questionnai (EPQ) (including extraversion, psychoticism, neuroticism and lie), the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and self-designed questionnaire on treatment compliance of retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients were used. Three hundred questionnaires were delivered and 290 effective copies were retrieved. Patients’ physiological and psychological features and treatment compliance were described, and the relationship between psychological characteristics and treatment compliance was analyzed and compared with the national norms.Results Extraversion scale and psychoticism scale were (55.51±9.54) and (46.46±10.48) respectively, which were less than the national norms ((57.75±8.26) and (48.14±9.74) respectively). The t values were 99.12 and 75.51, and P values were both less than 0.01. The neuroticism scale (57.47±10.91) was more than the national norms (41.27±9.42).The t value was 89.72 and P value was less than 0.01. According to the correlation analysis of Spearman, the patients’ score (44.56±9.27) of E, P, N and L were positively correlated with their treatment compliance (the related coefficient was 0.692, 0.328, 0.280 and 0.240 respectively. The P values were all less than 0.01).Conclusion Retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients have introversive personality, and they have psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, doubt, etc. The treatment compliance of patients with above problems is very poor. The psychological problems of retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients need to be solved. According to the characteristics of different patient groups, the effective care measures should be provided to improve the treatment compliance and cure tuberculosis.