Advances in PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors in tuberculosis research

doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024141

Abstract

Abstract:

Tuberculosis remains one of the most threatening infectious diseases worldwide. In latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, it can remain dormant for long period of time, waiting to be reactivated when the host’s immune function declines. The immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis relies on adaptive immunity, particularly T lymphocytes. Among them, CD4⁺ T lymphocytes activate macrophages by releasing interferon-γ, while CD8⁺ T lymphocytes directly kill infected host cells. Long-term chronic infection often leads to T-lymphocyte exhaustion and the immune system is unable to effectively clear pathogens. Programmed death 1(PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1) inhibitors, as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have demonstrated a strong potential for restoring immune response and killing tumor cells, and have been widely used in cancer therapy. However, its functional mechanisms and therapeutic prospect in tuberculosis still need further research. In order to better promote the application of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in the field of infectious diseases, we reviewed characteristics of T-lymphocyte adaptive immunity in tuberculosis, functions of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and their roles in tuberculosis, and summarized and discussed the latest research advances in blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in tuberculosis treatment, aiming to provide a reference for the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in infectious diseases.

Key words: Immunosuppressive agents, Tuberculosis, T-lymphocytes, Review literature as topic

CLC Number:

Yang Shuqi, Li Feng. Advances in PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors in tuberculosis research[J]. Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease , 2025, 6(1): 94-101. doi: 10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024141

Figures/Tables 2

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项目	Fujita等^[74]	Lee等^[75]	Chu等^[76]
基本情况	患者,72岁,男性	患者,87岁,男性	患者,59岁,男性
癌症类型	非小细胞肺癌	结节性硬化型霍奇金淋巴瘤	肺腺癌
PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂	纳武利尤单抗	帕博利珠单抗	纳武利尤单抗
治疗周期	8个周期	5个周期	3个周期
不良反应事件	新的异常阴影	发热、体质量减轻	心包填塞
检测结核病的方式	IGRA阳性	痰培养阳性	心包积液培养发现结核分枝杆菌