Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of pulmonary tuberculosis among local residents aged between 15 and 29 years in Shanghai from 2005 to 2010, and to explore the effective measures to prevent TB infection and reduce active TB cases in this age group. Methods 4231 TB patients’ characteristics including gender, age, geographic distribution and profession, which were recorded in TB registration system in Shanghai from 2005 to 2010 were analyzed, and which were compared with the whole patients registered at the same period. Results The notification rate of new TB patients decreased 6.64% in Shanghai from 28.6/100 000(3874) in 2005 to 26.7/100 000(3760) in 2010. However, the TB notification rate among patients aged between 15 and 29 years increased 18.9% from 22.8/100 000(668) in 2005 to 27.1/100 000(739) in 2010. Among this group, the male aged between 20-24 years had an extremely higher increase of 45.9% (in 2010, 217 cases, 42.3/100 000; in 2005, 155 cases, 29.0/100 000). The cure rate of smear positive patients in this group was 95.1% (1209/1272) which was significantly higher than that of the whole population (85.8%,6105/7115) (χ²=6.08, P=0.0137). The mortality rate was 0.2% (2/1272), which was significantly lower than that of the whole population (8.5%,604/7115) (χ²=88.86, P<0.0001). Conclusion TB epidemic among patients aged 15-29 years should be paid more attention to. It’s ne-cessary to enhance the health education and disease surveillance at key locations like schools, internet bar. Health screening to close contact of TB patients should also be strengthened, so that TB epidemic can be controlled in this group.