Abstract: Surgical treatment indications for pulmonary tuberculosis includes: localized MDR-TB, massive hemoptysis, tuberculoma, tuberculous cavity, tuberculosis sequelae, tuberculous empyema, bronchopleura fistula, collapsed lung, bronchial tuberculosis, intrathoracic lymph node tuberculosis and so on. The principle of surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is to resect lesions or lobar in a small area without active foci in resectional surface in order to preserve lung function, improve the quality of life and prevent complications. Postoperative sputum conversion rate, complications, operative mortality, postoperative quality of life and other factors should be consi-dered for assessment of the therapeutic efficacy. The standard anti-TB drug treatment should be still provided after surgery.