Abstract: Objective To investigate the situation of the use of antibiotics among the in-patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in the Department of Lung Disease of our hospital, and to explore the importance of the rational use of the antibiotics.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 300 patients who were confirmed to have pulmonary TB and once stayed at the Department of Lung Disease of our hospital within 3 years (2009, 2010 or 2011). The situation of the use of the common antibiotics (excluding anti-TB drugs) among those recruited pulmonary TB patients was analyzed, and the rational use of the antibiotics was evaluated.Results Among 300 study subjects, only 30 patients (10.0%) did not receive the treatment of common antibiotics and the rate of the use of common antibiotics was 90.0%. Common antibiotics were rationally used in 210 cases, accounting for 70.0%; they were irrationally used in 60 cases, accounting for 20.0%. The most frequently used drug was levofloxacin (85.3%, 256/300), and followed by cefoperazone-sulbactam (45.3%,136/300), mezlocillin (17.7%, 53/300) and cefonicid (15.0%, 45/300).Conclusion The irrational use of the antibiotics still exists in the pulmonary diseases ward of our hospital. In order to achieve the better treatment outcomes, it is important to explore the rational use of anti-biotics during the treatment of pulmonary TB; and it is also essential to strengthen the management of the use of antibiotics.