Abstract: Objective To investigate the current situation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among village and township hospital doctors in Hanggin Rear Banner of Inner Mongolia.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2011. All village and township hospital doctors who had been registered at the local health authorities were recruited in the study and received the questionnaire investigation and tuberculin skin test (TST). The questionnaire which was used in an investigation of LTBI and TB incidence among the Chinese village and township hospital doctors in the China-U.S. Collaborative Program on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (EID) was also used for this study. A total of 443 questionnaires were distributed and all questionnaires were returned and valid, so the overall response rate was 100.0%. The statistical indexes, such as constituent ra-tio, were used to analyze the basic information of the doctors. The rate of LTBI was calculated based on the different cutoff value of TST (average induration diameter of 5mm and 10mm were taken as the cutoff value of TST respectively).Results A total of 443 village and township hospital doctors in Hanggin Rear Banner received questionnaire investigation. Among them, the proportion of male doctors was 50.6% (224/443), the median age was 39 years old and the proportion of doctors who had high school diploma or equal education level was 62.8% (278/443). Four hundred and thirty-nine doctors received TST. Among them, the rates of LTBI were 39.9% (175/439) and 17.5% (77/439) respectively by taking 5mm and 10mm as the cutoff values of TST.Conclusion The rate of LTBI among village and township hospital doctors in Hanggin Rear Banner is higher. The effective TB infection control measures should be adopted in the basic health facilities in rural areas.