Abstract: Objective In order to provide more reference to the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), to analyze the distributions of non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) and drug-resistant (DR) TB among the patients with culture-positive pulmonary TB in Suzhou.Methods Identification of bacteria and drug sensitivity test (DST) were performed for 371 patients with culture-positive pulmonary TB who were detected from January 2012 to May 2013 in Suzhou city and the results of the tests were analyzed; at the same time, the basic information of those patients were collected. With the SPSS 19.0 software, the unconditional logistic regression model was used to identify the associated factors influencing the distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and NTM.Results Among 371 culture-positive pulmonary TB patients, 316 patients (85.2%) were Mtb while 55 patients (14.8%) were NTM; 79 patients had multidrug-resistance (MDR), so the overall MDR rate was 21.3%. Out of the 79 patients with MDR, 32 patients (10.1%, 32/316) were Mtb while 47 patients (85.5%, 47/55) were NTM. The MDR rate in NTM patients was significantly higher than that in Mtb patients (χ²=158.608, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the following two factors were the independent factors influencing the distribution of Mtb and NTM: age ≥65 year (OR=0.108, 95%CI=0.016-0.711, P=0.021) and the history of anti-TB treatment (OR=0.277, 95%CI=0.145-0.532, P<0.001).Conclusion The situation of drug resistance and the infection of NTM in patients with culture-positive pulmonary TB are serious in Suzhou city, so the diagnosis and treatment patterns should be improved.