Abstract: Objective To understand the total social investment cost and the entire economic output after implementation of tuberculosis control program in Heilongjiang province(2001—2010) (referred to as “Program”), and analyze the cost-benefit. Methods The data selected from the final assessment report of the tuberculosis control program in Heilongjiang (2001—2010) and the Heilongjiang part of the final evaluation report of the national tuberculosis control program (2001—2010), The data were analyzed by Excel 2007. The social total investment cost was composed of central budget, various level governmental funding, and international program financing. The social effects were reflected by the population protected from infection, the number of new cases of tuberculosis, and reduction of tuberculosis fatality. The socioeconomic performance was attributed to both of the direct and the indirect social economic benefits. The “cost-benefit ratio” was calculated by the formula of “cost/benefit ratio=the total social investments cost/the entire economic output”. Results From 2001 to 2010, Heilongjiang province invested a total of 273 million RMB to control and prevent tuberculosis, detected 323 914 cases of patients with active tuberculosis, successfully treated 302 402 cases, reduced 79 580 cases of deaths, prevented 1 406 789 cases of new infections, avoided 140 681 new cases, saved medical expenses 96 million RMB, restored total 22.486 billion RMB of social value. It was estimated that investment of 143.26 could save a DALY. Every one RMB invested can generate social and economic value of 98.8 RMB. Conclusion The implementation of Program in Heilongjiang province achieved remar-kable effects on controlling the tuberculosis epidemic and promoting economic development.