Abstract: Objective To investigate the prognosis of patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM). Methods The therapeutic responses of 67 patients with NTM from 2006 to 2012 were assessed after 6 month treatment, One- and two-year follow-up were carried out on those patients by NTM culture and sputum smear. 48 patients were followed up for more than 1 years, and 29 patients were followed up for more than 2 years. Results After 6 months treatment, clinical symptoms were improved or disappeared in 45 cases (67.2%), focus absorption in 36 cases (53.7%), culture negative in 28 cases (41.8%). After treatment the sputum smear was ne-gative conversion in 34 cases among 45 cases with smear positive initially. The negative conversion rates of NTM culture and smear in one- and two-year follow-up were 43.8%(21/48), 66.7%(22/33) vs. 41.4%(12/29), 76.5%(13/17) respectively. The differences were significant statistically between the two groups (the χ² values were 4.124 and 5.319, the P values were 0.042 and 0.021). Conclusion Clinical symptoms, lesion absorption, sputum negative conversion of NTM patients were improved after treatment. However, unfavorable prognosis was indicated for negative NTM culture.