Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical symptoms,radiology,laboratory data,diagnosis,different diagnosis,management and prognosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis.Methods A total of 56 cases of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis,confirmed by pathological examinations at Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital of Fujian from January 2007 to February 2012,were studied.Results Thirty-two of 56 cases(57.14%) were under 50 years old and 37(66.07%) were male patients.Aged from 16 to 76 years. There were no underlying diseases in 36 cases. The main clinical manlfestations were cough(42 cases,75.00%) and cough up phlegm (39 cases,69.64%).Chest CT study showed that the majority of the lesions (51 cases) were close to the pleura. Lower lungs were often involved (24 cases). Pulmonary nodules and mass (34 cases,60.71%),either solitary nodules or multiple nodules,were the most common CT finding. Air bronchogram(22 cases,39.29%) and halo sign(12 cases,21.43%) were the common accompanying signs. Enhanced CT scanning was made in 13 patients and 10 cases(76.92%) showed uniform enhancement. The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by pathological findings. Succeessful outcomes were achieved in the patients by surgical resection or treated with antifungal drug. Thirty-nine of 52 cases (75.00%)treated in our hospital were cured and 13 were improved(25.00%).Conclusion Although the clinical symptoms of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis were lack of specificity,the disease has some characteristics on radiology. Final diagnosis making depended on pathological examinations by lung biopsy. If diagnosis is timely and treatment is reasonable,majority of patients with the disease can be obtained satisfactory results.