Table of Content

20 December 2024, Volume 5 Issue 6

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Interpretation of Standards

Interpretation of WHO global tuberculosis report 2024

Hu Xinyang, Gao Jingtao

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  500-504.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024164

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In October 2024, the World Health Organization released the global tuberculosis report 2024. While emphasizing previous strategies, the report also introduces new strategic goals. The authors provide a key interpretation of the report, focusing on the global tuberculosis burden, case reporting, treatment outcomes, diagnostic and treatment innovations, and updates to guidelines. The aim is to offer a comprehensive understanding of global TB prevention and control strategies, actions, and progress, serving as a reference for colleagues in the field of tuberculosis.

Original Articles

The lived experience and needs of parents caring for children with tuberculosis: a qualitative study

Wei Xiaowen, Dong Ning, Shen Lei, Tao Yonghong, Wu Yuanhao, Zhang Lin

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  505-510.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024135

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Objective: To deeply understand the care experience and needs of parents caring for children with tuberculosis, and to provide basis for the development of corresponding nursing support programs. Methods: This was a phenomenological study. Purposive sampling was used to select 13 children with tuberculosis in the Tuberculosis Department of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from December 2022 to April 2023 as the research objects and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect relevant data. The Colaizzi phenomenological 7-step analysis method and Nvivo 12 software were used to analyze the data and refine the theme. Results: Among the 13 parents of children with tuberculosis interviewed, 10 cases (76.92%) experienced complex emotional reactions, 8 cases (61.54%) perceived work life changes, 7 cases (53.85%) believed that they could actively adjust and respond positively, and 11 cases (84.62%) were eager for professional support and help. Conclusion: The parents of children with tuberculosis have a certain degree of care burden, which affects their physical and mental health. Medical staff should provide emotional, skill, social and other aspects of support to promote the positive care experience of parents of children with tuberculosis and improve the overall quality of life of parents and children.

Analysis of risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis with tendency score matching method and construction of a prediction model

Liu Fang, Ma Jintong, Liu Yongmei, Luo Peipei, Feng Yang, Liu Zhenlong, Wang Yuhong

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  511-516.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024121

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Objective: To investigate risk factors and develop a prediction model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) using propensity score analysis. Methods: A total of 150 patients with COPD and PTB admitted to the Baoding People’s Hospital from July 2020 to July 2023 were selected as observation group, and 100 patients with only COPD admitted to the hospital during the same period were selected as control group. Relevant factors that might affect COPD combined with PTB were collected, and propensity score matching method was used to match gender, age, and place of residence of the patients, with a matching ratio of 1∶2. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to screen out independent risk factors affecting COPD combing PTB, and risk weights were obtained according to regression coefficients of risk factors to construct a prediction model, and then a ROC curve was drawn, and the value of the prediction model was evaluated by area under the curve (AUC). Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of smoking (OR=2.038, 95%CI: 1.119-3.713), lack of BCG vaccination (OR=1.714, 95%CI: 1.283-2.291), tuberculosis history (OR=2.795, 95%CI: 1.723-4.536), use of inhaled glucocorticoids (OR=2.083, 95%CI: 1.367-3.175), dust exposure (OR=2.109, 95%CI: 1.333-3.336), and poor nutritional status (OR=2.815, 95%CI: 1.755-4.515) were independent risk factors for COPD combined with PTB. AUC of ROC curve for the prediction model was 0.811 (95%CI: 0.762-0.894), with a sensitivity and specificity of 80.67% and 73.59%, respectively. Conclusion: Propensity score matching analysis indicates that a history of smoking, lack of BCG vaccination, tuberculosis history, use of inhaled glucocorticoids, dust exposure, and poor nutritional status are independent risk factors for COPD combined with PTB. The prediction model constructed based on these risk factors demonstrates a good prediction value for COPD combined with PTB.

Awareness and factors associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among permanent residents aged ≥40 years old in Nanshan District, Shenzhen

Yang Yarui, Guo Xujun, Wei Wei, He Juan, Li Shengbin, Zhong Tao, Gao Wanling, Liu Shoujiang, Liu Shengyuan

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  517-525.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024120

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Objective: To investigate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among permanent residents aged ≥40 years in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, the awareness of COPD, and to analyze the factors associated with the COPD, so as to provide evidence for development of COPD prevention and control measures. Methods: A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 5 communities from 2 sub-districts in Nanshan District, Shenzhen from October to December, 2018. 100 to 120 families were randomly selected from each community, and one permanent resident aged ≥40 years old was randomly selected from each family to conduct the questionnaire survey, pulmonary function test and COPD assessment test (CAT) using the random sampling table method. The questionnaire included the basic information of the subjects, the awareness of knowledge of COPD (including COPD disease name and COPD related knowledge), previous disease history, respiratory symptoms, status of risk factor exposure and results of previous pulmonary function examination. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of COPD prevalence in residents. Results: A total of 555 subjects were collected in Nanshan district. The awareness of knowledge of COPD disease name, pulmonary function examination and COPD related knowledge were 27.39% (152/555), 18.92% (105/555) and 19.10% (106/555), respectively. The awareness rates of COPD disease name, pulmonary function test and COPD related knowledge among subjects with high school education or above and, the technical personnel (29.68% (111/374), 21.39% (80/374), and 21.12% (79/374); 47.06% (24/51), 37.25% (19/51), and 37.25% (19/51)) were higher than those with primary school education or less and engaged in agricultural/forestry/animal husbandry/fishery/water conservancy production (14.71% (10/68), 8.82% (6/68), and 7.35% (5/68); 1/6, 0, 0), and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=5.430, P=0.020; χ²=6.178, P=0.013; χ²=5.721, P=0.017; χ²=20.490, P=0.009; χ²=22.750, P=0.004; χ²=27.087, P=0.001). The rate of COPD was 9.73% (54/555), with 40 cases (74.07%) being mild, 11 cases (20.37%) being moderate and 3 cases (5.56%) being severe. The mean CAT score of the COPD patients was 3.0 (1.0, 5.0), and there was association between the score and the severity of the disease (H=7.779, P=0.020). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that persons aged 70-78 years old and with history of asthma and chronic bronchitis were risk factors for COPD in Nanshan District residents (OR (95%CI)=3.448 (1.036-11.479); OR (95%CI)=5.149 (1.481-17.902); OR (95%CI)=2.646 (1.005-6.965)). Conclusion: The awareness of COPD core knowledge among permanent residents aged ≥40 years old in Nanshan District is low. It is recommended to take comprehensive COPD health promotion measures to improve the awareness level of COPD related knowledge among residents, especially those with low education level and no fixed workplace. The detection of COPD is not optimistic. The trend of younger patients with COPD should be paid attention. We should actively carry out early diagnosis and treatment measures for COPD, especially expanding the coverage of early screening for elderly residents and residents with a history of asthma and chronic bronchitis.

The value of RAGE, SP-D, ANG2, and HMGB1 in the assessment of severity and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia

Hu Shasha, Chang Xiaoqing, Li Ying, Li Dandan

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  526-532.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024088

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Objective: To evaluate the value of receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), surfactant protein D (SP-D), angiopoietin 2 (ANG2) and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in assessing severity and prognosis of Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP). Methods: A total of 112 patients hospitalized and diagnosed with CAP in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled, including 70 patients with non-severe CAP (NSCAP) and 42 patients with severe CAP (SCAP). According to 90-day survival status, they were divided into survival group (83 patients) and death group (29 patients). The plasma concentrations of RAGE, SP-D, ANG2 and HMGB1 were determined by ELISA. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for developing SCAP and 90-day mortality. Receiver worker characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze values of these indicators in predicting risks of SCAP and 90-day mortality alone and in combination with CURB-65 score. Results: The median plasma concentrations of RAGE, SP-D, ANG2, and HMGB1 in the SCAP group were 2.09 (0.90,4.99) ng/ml, 3.48 (2.22,6.98) ng/ml, 3.59 (2.50,6.31) ng/ml, and 47.52 (25.99,80.58) ng/ml, respectively, significantly higher than those in the NSCAP group which were 1.21 (0.88,2.26) ng/ml, 2.45 (1.36,3.77) ng/ml, 0.90 (0.53,1.64) ng/ml, and 14.09 (7.96,25.31) ng/ml, respectively (Z=-2.861,P=0.004;Z=-2.951,P=0.003;Z=-7.272,P<0.001;Z=-6.256,P<0.001). ANG2 and HMGB1 were independent risk factors for SCAP (OR=3.889,95%CI:1.775-8.518,P=0.001;OR=1.047,95%CI:1.012-1.082,P=0.008). ANG2 combined with HMGB1 had the highest AUC prediction value (0.923), while the sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% and 85.7%, respectively. The median plasma concentrations of RAGE, SP-D, ANG2, and HMGB1 in the death group were 2.73 (0.82,4.59) ng/ml, 3.41 (2.49,6.86) ng/ml, 4.30 (2.98,6.63) ng/ml, and 64.01 (35.32,89.34) ng/ml, respectively, significantly higher than those in the survival group (1.24 (0.90,2.37) ng/ml, 2.61 (1.38,4.32) ng/ml, 1.00 (0.60,1.98) ng/ml, and 15.05 (9.26,26.44) ng/ml, respectively). The differences were statistically significant (Z=-1.989,P=0.047;Z=-2.295,P=0.022;Z=-7.024,P<0.001;Z=-6.446,P<0.001). ANG2, HMGB1 and CURB-65 score were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality in patients with CAP (OR=5.458,95%CI:1.374-21.683,P=0.016;OR=1.089,95%CI:1.030-1.151,P=0.003;OR=2.772,95%CI:1.097-7.003,P=0.031). ANG2 and HMGB1 combined with CURB-65 score could more accurately predict the risk of 90-day mortality in CAP patients, for which the AUC value could reach 0.970, and the sensitivity and specificity were 89.7% and 92.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The plasma concentrations of RAGE, SP-D, ANG2, and HMGB1 significantly increased in SCAP and 90-day death group. ANG2 and HMGB1 were independent risk factors for SCAP. ANG2, HMGB1, and CURB-65 score were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality in patients with CAP. Combining these three factors could increase prediction value on assessing 90-day mortality risk.

Correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels and therapeutic outcomes in patients with malignant pleural effusion

Chang Li, Ren Hong, Guan Xueqing, Pang Youquan, Zhen Chunying, Bian Nannan, Sun Suqin

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  533-539.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024154

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Objective: To investigate the correlation between the expression level of VEGF in malignant pleural effusion and the therapeutic effect of local cisplatin combined with endostar perfusion in the thoracic cavity, as well as to explore other potential influencing factors. Methods: From January 6, 2022, to January 18, 2024, 60 patients with malignant pleural effusion who declined systemic chemotherapy and consented only to local thoracic treatment were included in the study group. Additionally, 30 patients with benign pleural effusion treated during the same period were randomly selected using a 2∶1 ratio via a random number table to form the control group. After complete drainage via closed thoracic drainage, the study group was categorized into an effective group (34 cases, 56.67%) and an ineffective group (26 cases, 43.33%) based on pleural effusion control. Levels of VEGF, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and total protein in pleural effusion were measured before and after treatment. The VEGF and CEA levels in pleural effusion were stratified into high and low expression groups according to the median values. Concurrently, clinical data were collected, with the objective response rate serving as the dependent variable. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify factors potentially influencing treatment efficacy, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis on variables found to be statistically significant. Results: The use of cisplatin combined with endostar for local thoracic perfusion significantly reduced the levels of VEGF and CEA in malignant pleural effusion. Pre-treatment median levels of VEGF and CEA were 792.96 (473.69, 959.45) pg/ml and 59.89 (4.92, 389.53) ng/ml, respectively. Post-treatment levels were 454.46 (353.97, 558.40) pg/ml for VEGF and 11.94 (3.64, 46.47) ng/ml for CEA. The differences were statistically significant (Z=5.703, P<0.001; Z=3.29, P<0.001). Univariate analysis of factors such as patient age, gender, primary tumor, pathological type, history of systemic treatment, distant metastasis, endovascular treatment history, presence of hemothorax, KPS score, VEGF levels in pleural effusion, CEA levels in pleural effusion, and total protein levels in pleural effusion indicated the following correlations with treatment efficacy: primary tumor (fisher exact probability method, P=0.023), pathological type (fisher exact probability method, P=0.034), treatment classification (χ²=8.688, P=0.003), distant metastasis (χ²=10.259, P<0.001), history of endovascular treatment (χ²=7.330, P=0.007), presence of hemothorax (χ²=5.831, P=0.016), VEGF levels in pleural effusion (Z=5.057, P<0.001), and CEA levels in pleural effusion (Z=4.446, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the expression levels of VEGF and CEA in pleural effusion significantly impacted the therapeutic response (OR=8.15, 95%CI: 1.588-41.840; OR=25.67, 95%CI: 3.713-177.394). Conclusion: The expression levels of VEGF and CEA in the pleural effusion of patients with malignant pleural effusion can serve as predictive biomarkers for treatment response and disease control.

Clinical characteristics and maternal and neonatal outcomes of 28 cases of pregnancies complicated with tuberculosis after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

Lai Min, Wu Guihui, Chen Hongde, Li Hongmei, Guo Zhouli, Wang Xinwei

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  540-545.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024127

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Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by tuberculosis following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 28 cases of pregnancies complicated by tuberculosis after IVF-ET, admitted to the Public Health Clinical Medical Center between May 2012 and May 2024. The clinical characteristics and maternal and neonatal outcomes were descriptively analyzed. Results: The mean age of the 28 patients was (31.1±3.6) years, with a median gestational period of 108.0 days (interquartile range: 84.0-141.0 days). Among these cases, 9 (32.1%) were in early pregnancy and 19 (67.9%) were in the mid-trimester. The primary clinical manifestations included fever (27 cases), cough (24 cases), shortness of breath (20 cases), and vaginal bleeding (17 cases). Hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis was observed in 27 patients (96.4%), while 15 patients (53.6%) had extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and 14 (50.0%) were diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis. Additionally, 10 patients (35.7%) presented with three or more types of tuberculosis simultaneously. Among the 28 patients, 13 (46.4%) tested positive for tuberculosis etiology, and 2 patients had drug-resistant tuberculosis (rifampicin-resistant and pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis). Laboratory examinations showed a mean hemoglobin level of (98.6±12.4) g/L, a mean serum albumin level of (30.7±4.6)g/L, and a median CD4⁺ T-cell count of 212.5 cells/μl (interquartile range: 125.0-319.5 cells/μl). Of the 28 patients, 3 (10.7%) required tracheal intubation with invasive mechanical ventilation, while 13 (46.4%) used non-invasive ventilatory support. By July 2024, 21 patients (75.0%) had successfully completed treatment, 1 patient had died, and 6 patients were still undergoing treatment, all of whom were showing improvement. Adverse reactions were noted in 13 patients (53.8%) during treatment, including 7 cases (25.0%) of liver function injury, 4 cases (14.3%) of bone marrow suppression, 2 cases (7.1%) of drug-induced rash, and 1 case (3.6%) of drug fever. A total of 43 fetuses were conceived by the 28 patients, with 5 resulting in spontaneous abortions, and the remainder undergoing elective termination. Conclusion: The majority of pregnant patients with tuberculosis following in vitro IVF-ET present with fever and respiratory symptoms, and the incidence of severe tuberculosis is notably high. Most patients achieve a favorable prognosis with prompt and effective anti-tuberculosis treatment. Emphasis should be placed on prenatal tuberculosis screening and close postpartum monitoring to enhance diagnostic accuracy.

Effect of PDCA cycle management on enhancing the standardization rate of preoperative preparation for bronchoscopy in the tuberculosis department

Li Min, Zeng Xuan, Peng Yuanyuan, Zeng Jilan, He Junmei, Ye Taosheng, Hou Junlian

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  546-551.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024134

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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle management in enhancing the standardization rate of preoperative preparation for bronchoscopy diagnosis and treatment in the tuberculosis department. Methods: A total of 382 hospitalized patients who underwent bronchoscopy for diagnosis and treatment at the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen from May 15 to June 9, 2023, were included as the control group, where conventional preoperative preparation methods were employed. An additional 346 hospitalized patients who underwent bronchoscopy from September 25 to October 27 of the same year constituted the observation group, in which the PDCA cycle management strategy was applied. The effectiveness of PDCA cycle management in enhancing the standardization rate of preoperative preparation was compared between the two groups. Results: Following the implementation of the PDCA cycle management method, the standardization rate of preoperative preparation in the observation group (90.75%, 314/346) was significantly higher than that in the control group (82.72%, 316/382), with the difference being statistically significant (χ²=10.047, P=0.002). Conclusion: The application of the PDCA cycle management method significantly improved the standardization rate of preoperative preparation for bronchoscopy diagnosis and treatment in hospitalized tuberculosis patients. This approach played a crucial role in enhancing patient safety and improving the quality of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The PDCA cycle is a scientifically grounded management method in clinical practice and is recommended for broader adoption.

Construction and validation of a nomogram model for predicting adverse outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in 2016—2022 in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

Ma Xiaoling, Zhao Yongnian, Duan Lili, Liu Xinwen

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  552-559.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024104

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Objective: To construct a nomogram model for predicting adverse outcomes of tuberculosis patients in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (hereafter referred as “the Corps”) from 2016 to 2022, and to evaluate the predictive effectiveness and application value of the model. Methods: A retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes of TB patients in the Corps from 2016 to 2022 was conducted. Variables were selected and a prediction model for adverse outcomes in TB patients was constructed through univariable log-rank tests and multivariable Cox regression analysis, with the model presented with a nomogram. The model’s predictive ability was assessed with discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Internal validation was performed using the Bootstrap method (B=1000). Results: The average adverse outcome rate of tuberculosis patients treated in the Corps in 2016—2022 was 5.07% (405/7993). Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified several risk factors: ethnic minorities (HR=1.382, 95%CI: 1.106-1.725), 30-60 years old (HR=1.535, 95%CI: 1.097-2.148), >60 years (HR=2.895, 95%CI: 2.088-4.013), comorbid diabetes (HR=1.753, 95%CI: 1.255-2.450), retreatment (HR=1.846, 95%CI: 1.400-2.434), current address being other regions of the province (HR=1.430, 95%CI: 1.129-1.810) or outside of the province (HR=1.596, 95%CI: 1.186-2.147), lack of primary care center management (HR=1.385, 95%CI: 1.132-1.694), and treatment management being performed in southern Xinjiang (HR=1.276, 95%CI: 1.017-1.600). Based on these factors, a nomogram prediction model for adverse outcomes in TB patients was constructed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was 0.697 (95%CI: 0.633-0.761). Conclusion: The nomogram prediction model developed in this study shows good predictive value, could assist clinical decision-makers quickly identifying high-risk patients for personalized management, thereby mitigating risks and improving treatment success rate.

Review Articles

Advances in pulmonary rehabilitation nursing for patients with post-tuberculosis lung Disease

Fan Weifang, Huang Jinpeng, Yao Liwei

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  560-566.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024147

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Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is a chronic respiratory condition resulting from previous tuberculosis infection, which may be entirely or partially caused by tuberculosis and can present with or without clinical symptoms. Timely implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation programs for PTLD patients can enhance lung function, slow disease progression, and improve overall quality of life.The author provides an overview of pulmonary rehabilitation nursing for patients with PTLD, examines the current status of rehabilitation interventions, and explores the challenges hindering effective pulmonary rehabilitation nursing for PTLD patients. The aim is to offer caregivers a comprehensive perspective on pulmonary rehabilitation strategies and to furnish theoretical guidance for the effective implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation care in this patient population.

Current status and prospects of management of chronic respiratory diseases

Zhu Yixing, Chang De

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  567-572.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024146

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Chronic respiratory diseases are a group of non-communicable diseases characterized by insidious onset and protracted course, with complex etiology, high treatment costs, and poor prognosis. This review systematically analyzes the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical management strategies of major types of chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, and interstitial lung diseases. The paper highlights the importance of early diagnosis, discusses management challenges such as treatment adherence, individualized treatment strategies and resource allocation, and looks into the future application prospects of emerging therapeutic approaches like targeted therapy, gene therapy, and digital health technologies, aiming to provide clinicians a comprehensive perspective on disease management.

Research progress on unfavourable treatment outcomes and risk factors of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients

Sun Huijuan, Su Wei, Chen Wei

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  573-582.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024111

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In recent years, the prevalence and transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis has posed significant challenges to global tuberculosis control, particularly rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. This form of the disease is characterized by long treatment duration, difficulty in management, high costs, and numerous adverse reactions, which often lead to unfavorable treatment outcomes such as treatment interruption, treatment failure, and loss to follow-up, severely affecting treatment outcomes and quality of life. The authors systematically present the occurrence of adverse treatment outcomes among patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients both domestically and internationally, and discusses the factors that influence these unfavorable outcomes, thereby providing a reference for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at improving the treatment effectiveness of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients.

Research progress on mental vulnerability and anxiety-depression status in tuberculosis patients

Meng Ting, Chen Jingfang, Deng Guofang, Lin Yi, Ruan Shujin, Liu Linlin, Li Mengjun

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  583-589.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024131

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease primarily characterized by pulmonary infection, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with a typical treatment duration of 6 months. Patients are prone to experiencing anxiety and depression during anti-TB treatment, especially those who are psychologically vulnerable which will not only affect their physical and mental health, mental status and interpersonal communication, ultimately impacting the outcomes of anti-TB therapy. Therefore, this paper summarizes the concepts of mental vulnerability, anxiety, and depression, their incidence, assessment tools, influencing factors, and clinical intervention strategies. The aim is to provide a reference for clinicians to carry out early screening of psychological vulnerability, anxiety and depression in TB patients, and implement psychological intervention in time to reduce the occurrence of serious mental illness in TB patients.

Research progress on prognostic factors and integrated prevention and control strategies of tuberculosis and AIDS

Yang Hongyu, Liu Qiaolin, Kang Xiong, Yang Xiaoli

Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2024, 5(6):  590-596.  doi:10.19983/j.issn.2096-8493.2024109

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Coinfection with tuberculosis and AIDS poses a significant public health challenge in China. The interplay between these two diseases complicates the identification of clinical characteristics, increases the complexity of treatment and management, accelerates disease progression, prolongs the anti-tuberculosis treatment course, and contributes to multiple complications, including opportunistic infections and drug resistance. The prognosis for patients with dual infection is generally poor. Enhancing the understanding of the unique challenges and dangers posed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)/HIV coinfection, thoroughly investigating the various factors that influence patients’ quality of life and prognosis, and implementing precise, efficient, and comprehensive prevention and control measures at an early stage are crucial for improving disease outcomes and controlling these two major infectious diseases. The authors review the current status of tuberculosis complicated by AIDS, the unique challenges and risks associated with clinical coinfection, the factors influencing patient prognosis, and the comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies for comorbidity. The aim is to provide insights that may inform the optimization of management policies and the clinical prevention and treatment of patients with MTB/HIV coinfection.