Abstract: Objective To observe and evaluate the effect of sodium deoxy nucleotide injection on prevention and control of anti-TB drugs-induced liver damage in new pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) patients with Hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) positive. Methods One hundred and twelve new PTB patients with HBsAg positive diagnosed by laboratory tests and clinical features sought care in Anti-TB Institute of Shantou were selected, and were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The treatment regimen for control group was 2HRZE/4HR, Gan Tai Le tablet (Glucurolactone) was used regularly to protect liver. For the experimental group, on the basis of the control group regimen, Sodium deoxy nucleotide injection was added during the intensive phase for one month. The liver damage severity and indicators of immune cell function of the two groups were compared. SPSS 11.0 software was used for data processing and analysis, t-test was used for quantitative data and Chi-square test was applied for rate comparison. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The incidence of liver damage after 2 weeks and 4 weeks treatment in experimental group were 10.71% (6/56) and 23.21%(13/56) respectively, which were significantly lower than the control group (32.14% (18/56) and 48.21%(27/56)), there were statistically significant differences (χ²=7.64 and 7.62, P<0.01). There was 1 patient in experimental group suffered from moderate liver damage (1.79%, 1/56), while in control group there were 11 patients suffered from moderate and severe liver injury (19.64%, 11/56). In the aspect of liver function, after two weeks treatment, alanine ami-motransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the control group ((45±23)U/L and (46±18)U/L) were significantly higher than the experimental group ((24±12)U/L and (20±13)U/L) (t=6.06 and 8.76, P<0.01).There was no significant differences on serum total bilirubin (STB) and serum albumin (ALB) between the two groups (control group: (9.6±4.7) μmol/L and (40.9±4.2) g/L; experimental group: (8.7±4.5) μmol/L and (41.3±4.6)g/L)(t=1.04 and 0.48, P>0.05). After 4 weeks treatment, ALT, AST and STB in the control group ((102±36)U/L, (94±39)U/L and (36.1±10.5) μmol/L) were significantly higher than the experimental group ((33±16)U/L, (32±12) U/L and (9.8±5.1) μmol/L). ALB decreased significantly in the control group. There were statistically significant differences between 2 groups (t=13.11, 11.38, 16.88 and 9.11, P<0.01). In the aspect of cell-mediated immunity, after 4 weeks treatment, in the experimental group CD4⁺ lymphocyte ((39.5±8.1)% vs (33.5±5.2)%), CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio (1.5±0.3 vs 1.2±0.2) obviously elevated while CD8⁺ lymphocyte ((30.3±4.7)% vs (33.1±4.8)%) significantly decreased (t=4.67, 3.12 and 6.25, P<0.01), with significant differences contrast with the control group ((33.5±5.9)%, (33.4±6.2)% and 1.2±0.6) (t=4.48, 2.98 and 3.33, P<0.01). Conclusion Sodium deoxy nucleotide injection can improve liver damage occurred in new PTB patients incorporated with Hepatitis B antigen positive during initial treatment, and can enhance immune function as well.