Abstract: Objective To study the awareness rate and related behaviors about tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control among new college students in Shijingshan District, and to provide the evidences for developing the TB prevention and control measures in universities or colleges. Methods The cluster sampling method was adopted and a self-designed questionnaire with key knowledge on TB prevention and control was used. The investigation was conducted among the new students in 4 universities/colleges which locate in Shijingshan Disrict: North China University of Technology, Beijing Polytechnic College, Shougang Institute of Technology and School of Nursing Peking Union Medical College, from September 2016 to October 2016. A total of 4,000 questionnaires were distributed and 3,705 valid questionnaires were collected. The general information and the situation on TB knowledge awareness among the new students were analyzed. Epidata software was used to establish the database and SPSS17.0 was used to perform descriptive analysis. The χ2 test and logistic regression analysis of duality factors were used for statistical analysis. All the test level was α = 0.05. Results The overall awareness rate of TB prevention and control knowledge among 3,705 freshmen in the four universities/colleges in Shijingshan District was 57.2% (19 059/33 345); this awareness rate in male students and female students was 54.8% (11 146/20 340) and 60.9% (7 920/13 005) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=25.292, P＜0.01); the awareness rate in the non-Beijing resident students and Beijing resident students was 4.9% (543/11 079) and 4.2% (935/22 266) respectively, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=47.1671, P＜0.01); the awareness rate in the different groups of students whose parents education level was high school (or equal) and below, junior college, bachelor degree and above, was 54.8% (6101/11 133), 52.4% (7187/13 716) and67.9% (5769/8496) respectively, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=10.405, P＜0.05); the awareness rate in the different groups of students whose family annual income level per capita was ＜5500yuan, 5500～yuan, 16 801～yuan, >45 000yuan was 59.1% (4562/7119), 58.5% (4459/7623), 55.3% (1797/3249), 55.4% (1137/2052) respectively, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=12.578, P＜0.05). The logistic analysis results showed that the students with the following characters had higher awareness: female students (OR=1.317, 95%CI: 1.117-1.554), non-Beijing resident students (OR=1.335; 95%CI: 1.119-1.594), parents had higher education level (OR=1.221; 95%CI: 1.091-1.366), low family annual income per capital (OR=0.926; 95%CI: 0.881-0.974). Conclusion The awareness rate on tuberculosis prevention and control knowledge among new college students in Shijingshan District is low. The targeted health education should be carried out in the universities/colleges to improve the awareness of the core knowledge on tuberculosis prevention and control. The male students, Beijing resident students, and the students whose parents with low educational level and have high household income, should be focused.