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Table of Content

    20 October 2012, Volume 1 Issue 2
    Original Articles
    The relationship between smoking and lung cancer deaths:a population based case control study
    WANG De-zheng,ZHANG Hui,ZHANG Ying,JIANG Guo-hong
    Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health. 2012, 1(2):  91-96. 
    Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (758KB) ( 1068 )   Save
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    Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the distribution characteristics of lung cancer death and cigarette smoking, provide basis for prevention and control of lung cancer in Tianjin.Methods The study used data from the all-cause mortality surveillance system collected by the Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All death caused by lung cancer were classified in case group (5746 cases), and death caused by non-lung cancer (59 625 cases) as control group. Each lung cancer death in 2011 was coded using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Both single factors and multiple factors unconditional logistic regression ana-lysis was made by SPSS software version 11.5.Results The crude death rate of lung cancer in Tianjin was 58.00/100 000, with the standardized mortality rate of 31.52/100 000. Lung cancer is the leading cause of death (38.25%,5746/15 023) in all malignant tumors. Male had a higher lung cancer mortality than female(66.91/100 000 vs. 48.99/100 000, χ2=14.98,P=0.000). The single factor non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that male(Wald χ2=6.09,P=0.014);age(Wald χ2=755.19,P=0.000);married status(Wald χ2=348.24,P=0.000);lower education(Wald χ2=326.21,P=0.000);living in urban areas(Wald χ2=291.08,P=0.000);current or former smokers(Wald χ2=1388.41,P=0.000); more number of cigarettes smoked daily(Wald χ2=289.43,P=0.000);more years of smoking(Wald χ2=185.07,P=0.000)are possible risk factors for lung cancer death. The multi-factor non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors of lung cancer mortality were current or former smokers(Wald χ2=5.37,P=0.021;β=0.11;OR=1.12;95%CI=1.02-1.23), more number of cigarettes smoked daily(Wald χ2=90.24,P=0.000;β=0.34;OR=1.41;95%CI=1.31-1.51), more years of smoking(Wald χ2=175.21,P=0.000;β=0.32;OR=1.38;95%CI=1.32-1.45), the married status(Wald χ2=89.42,P=0.000;β=0.22;OR=0.80;95%CI=0.77-0.84), female (Wald χ2=189.36,P=0.000;β=0.68;OR=1.98;95%CI=1.80-2.19), living in urban areas (Wald χ2=70.61,P=0.000;β=0.40;OR=0.67;95%CI=0.61-0.74),lower education level(Wald χ2=42.40,P=0.000;β=0.19;OR=1.21;95%CI=1.14-1.28)are independent risk factors of lung cancer deaths.Conclusion Lung cancer death has become one of the main malignant tumors endangered the health of Tianjin residents. Smoking and lung cancer death is closely related. Therefore, there is the need to develop smoking free law and carry out heath education in order to reduce the mortality of lung cancer.
    Randomized controlled clinical trial of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine
    TIAN Ming, WANG Yan, YE Qing, DENG Chang-guo, LI Xi, HUANG Lei-lei, WEN Xiao-jun, HUANG Xiao-qiu
    Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health. 2012, 1(2):  97-100. 
    Abstract ( 318 )   PDF (652KB) ( 659 )   Save
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    Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine for secondary pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods 108 cases of untreated secondary pulmonary tuberculosis who were found through health examination, seeking health care because of symptoms and clue survey in Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center from January 2009 to December 2010 were divided into treatment and control groups by SAS 9.1.3 software following stratified randomization principle, both groups were treated by standard anti-tuber-culosis regimen, the treatment group used traditional Chinese medicine besides anti-tuberculosis regimen, treatment durations for both groups were six months. The differences in efficacy and adverse reactions of two groups were observed. We reported category and frequency for qualitative information, and used the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test to compare the difference between the groups. The difference was statistically significant if P<0.05.Results After full course of treatment (6 months), the smear-positive cases in treatment group (n=31) were all converted, with 22 patients of control group (n=24) were converted(Fisher exact test, P=0.186), sputum conversion rates of the two groups were not statistically different. In the treatment group, patients had no symptoms of night sweats, cough and shortness of breath, only 1 patient had dry cough, 4 patients had slightly small amount of mucus, while in the control group, 6 patients had night sweats (Fisher exact test, P=0.0084), 8 patients had symptoms of cough and shortness of breath (Fisher exact test, P=0.0015), 6 patients had dry cough (Fisher exact test, P=0.0472), 13 patients had slightly small amount of sticky sputum (χ2=7.480,P=0.0062), the treatment group symptom improvement was significantly better than the control group. The lesions absorption rates of the treatment group and control group were 100.00% (48/48) and 80.95% (34/42) (Fisher exact test, P=0.002), the difference was statistically significant. In the treatment group, no patients had gastrointestinal reactions, while in the control group, 4 patients had (Fisher exact test, P=0.0438). In the treatment group, 3 cases had uric acid abnormalities, while in the control group, 9 patients had (χ2=4.466, P=0.0346), the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion Tuberculosis treatment is still mainly using western medicine treatment, but compared with western medicine alone, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine can significantly improve symptoms, promote lesions absorption and reduce the occurrence of adverse reaction.
    Analysis on screening effect and risk factors of multidrug-resistance tuberculosis
    CHEN Liang*,ZHOU Lin, YIN Jian-jun,WU Hui-zhong,JIANG Li, ZHONG Qiu
    Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health. 2012, 1(2):  101-104. 
    Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (648KB) ( 523 )   Save
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    Objective To explore the screening effect and risk factors of multidrug-resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients.Methods During Aug. 2009 to Dec. 2011, 810 suspected MDR-TB cases from parts of baseline survey of drug resistance of tuberculosis in Guangdong province were screened, and were further diagnosed by laboratory examinations. Confirmed MDR-TB patients were offered standardized treatment. The effect of scree-ning were then evaluated and risk factors of MDR-TB were analyzed using unconditional Logistic regression model.Results 377 of 810 suspected MDR-TB patients screened were diagnosed definitely as MDR-TB. The positive rate was 46.54%, among which migrant population accounted for 76.13%(287/377);Positive rate of MDR-TB in ≥ 60 years patients, retreatment patients, patients with low educational level, migrant population and patients with irre-gular medication in first treatment were 54.26%(102/188), 60.87%(126/207), 49.11%(303/617), 56.94% (287/504)and 60.81%(135/222), respectively, which were significant higher than those of their opposite patients. The result of logistic regression analysis showed that age(β=0.241,Wald χ2=6.758,P=0.009), domicile of origin(β=1.056,Wald χ2=15.336,P<0.001), retreatment(β=0.477,Wald χ2=7.298,P=0.007) and irregular treatment(β=1.229,Wald χ2=55.459,P<0.001) were the risk factors of MDR-TB; Conclusion It is an effective method to detect MDR-TB patients from suspected patients. Elderly, retreated, patients with irregular treatment, and migrants are the high risk population of MDR-TB.
    An investigation on the latent tuberculosis infection in the new recruits from Beijing army with enzyme-linked immuno-spot assay in 2010
    LIANG Yan,WU Xue-qiong,WANG Lan,WANG Zhi-yun,ZHANG Cui-ying,YANG You-rong,ZHANG Jun-xian
    Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health. 2012, 1(2):  105-107. 
    Abstract ( 592 )   PDF (641KB) ( 472 )   Save
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    Objective To study the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in the new recruits from Beijing army with enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT), and to evaluate the value of ELISPOT assay.Methods A total of 128 new recruits from Beijing army in 2010 were examined by purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test, and the number of T cells secreting IFN-γ in their peripheral blood in recombinant CFP-10/ESAT-6 fusion protein (rCFP-10/ESAT-6) were detected by ELISPOT assay. 45 new recruits who were negative by ELISPOT and PPD skin test were vaccinated with BCG vaccine.Results Of 128 new recruits, the positive rates of PPD skin test and ELISPOT assay were 50.00% (64/128) and 28.13% (36/128), respectively. Of 64 PPD-negative and 64 PPD-positive new recruits, 19 (29.69%) and 17 (26.56%) were ELISPOT positive, respectively. Overall agreement between these two tests was 48.44% (62/128), but their difference was statistically remarkable (χ2=9.776,P=0.0018). Of the new recruits found the vaccination scars on their arms, 57.44% (58/101) was PPD-positive, and 26.73% (27/101) was ELISPOT-positive [spot forming cell (SFC):23.52±11.01].Of the new recruits without the vaccination scars on their arms, 22.22% (6/27) was PPD-positive, and 33.33% (9/27) was ELISPOT-positive (SFC:32.78±24.06).Conclusion ELISPOT technique has higher specificity and sensitivity for screening LTBI.
    A study on tuberculosis incidence in Panyu district of Guangzhou
    HE Chao-wen, LAO Wei-min,ZHONG Qiu, ZHOU Lin, CHEN Yu-hui
    Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health. 2012, 1(2):  108-112. 
    Abstract ( 340 )   PDF (660KB) ( 423 )   Save
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    Objective To understand the tuberculosis incidence and it’s variation trend in Panyu district of Guangzhou in order to provide evidence for tuberculosis control strategies development.Methods Prospective cohort study was used for this survey. 86 212 residents in Donghuan street and Shilou toanship in Panyu were confirmed to be the cohort based on the baseline survey. One year cohort observation and terminal survey were conducted to provide data for the tuberculosis incidence analysis.Results (1) The prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis was 103.23/100 000 in which smear positive tuberculosis was 38.28/100 000. (2) The standardized incidence rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis was 27.53/100 000 and 16.83/100 000 of smear positive tuberculosis. (3) Among the 18 new cases, 14 were male and 4 were female, and 5 were in 35-44 years age group.Conclusion A large-scale cohort were established in Guangdong province and tuberculosis incidence was obtained, and the male accounted the most in new cases.
    Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of drug resistant tuberculosis during 2010—2011 in Zigong, Sichuan province
    NING Zhu,DENG Jian-ping,LI Qun,ZHOU Shi-xi,CHEN Xi
    Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health. 2012, 1(2):  113-117. 
    Abstract ( 269 )   PDF (667KB) ( 505 )   Save
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    Objective To describe the drug resistant profile among the diagnosed tuberculosis cases, identify the risk factors in terms of their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics in Zigong city, Sichuan province and to provide the knowledge evidence for anti-TB strategies.Methods The subjects of the study were all the diagnosed TB patients registered in 6 districts of Zigong city within one year between 2010 and 2011, including 235 patients with new cases and retreatment cases. Of 232 eligible cases enrolled within the study period, 25 were resistant to at least one of 4 drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin) and 25 were simultaneously resistant to INH and RFP or referred to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The Questionnaire interview was conducted by the trained interviewers to acquire the subjects’ socio-demographic and clinical information.Results Among 232 eligible subjects analyzed the socio-economic and clinical factors, MDR-TB was observed in 21.4% (9/42) female patients and 8.4% (16/190) male patients(OR=2.72; 95%CI=1.062-6.957). The population with an-nual income less than 4200 RMB had the significantly high proportion of MDR-TB compared to those with annual income more than 4200 RMB (35.1% vs 10.0%; OR=4.87; 95%CI=2.278-10.784). The previously treated patients were in higher risk of developing MDR than newly treated patients. Moreover, among the previously treated patients, the patient with previous treatment more than once were more likely to develop MDR-TB than the patients with previous treatment once (46.2% vs 23.1%; χ2=9.39, P=0.009).Conclusion Female, previously treated TB patients and those with low income were at a higher risk of developing MDR-TB and it should be concerned as the emphasis for the anti-MDR-TB activities in Zigong, Sichuan province.
    Analysis of public awareness rate of tuberculosis control and prevention in Hunan province
    GONG De-hua, BAI Li-qiong, ZHANG Yi-rui, TANG Yi, CHEN You-fang, WAN Yan-ping, FAN Jiang-jing, TAN Zhen
    Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health. 2012, 1(2):  118-122. 
    Abstract ( 310 )   PDF (669KB) ( 543 )   Save
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    Objective To analyze the public awareness rate of tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control knowledge (5 key messages) and the influencing factors in 9 points of the Fifth National TB epidemiology sample survey in 2010 in Hunan, and to provide reference for the development of health education policy on public TB knowledge.Methods The residents over the age of 15 in 9 survey points in Hunan were investigated by unified questionnaire on TB. 13 270 people should be investigated, 12 796 people were investigated, and the survey rate was 96.4%. SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used to analyze awareness rate, and the univariate analysis was used to analyze different awareness rate with different gender, age, nationality, household registration type, TB symptoms, and pulmonary TB (PTB) history. The total score was taken as the dependent variable, gender, age, nationality,household registration type, TB symptoms, PTB history were taken as the independent variable, non-conditional multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used (backward method,α=005,α=0.1).Results The awareness rate to key messages on TB prevention and control was 67.8%(43 396/63 980). 68.8% (20 960/30 480) for male, and 67.0% (22 436/33 500) for female, there was statistically significant (χ2=22.585, P<0.01) difference between them. The awareness rates of the 15-, 40- and 65- age groups were 77.1% (15 589/20 230), 66.2%(22 420/33 865) and 54.5%(5387/9885)respectively, and had statistically significant difference (χ2=1635.915, P<0.01). The rate of the 65- age group was lower than that of the 15- age group (χ2=1599.166, P<0.01), and also lower than the 40- age group (χ2=452.791, P<0.01). The awareness rates of the local registered permanent resident and the nonlocal were 67.2% (38 344/57 060) and 73.0% (5052/6920) respectively, which had statistically significant difference (χ2=95.347, P<0.01). The awareness rates of the population with and without pulmonary tuberculosis history, and those had no idea were 69.0% (907/1315), 68.1% (41 979/61 630) and 49.3% (510/1035) respectively, there was statistically significant difference (χ2=166.362, P<0.01). The awareness rate of those had no idea of tuberculosis history was lower than that of the population with pulmonary TB (χ2=92.870, P<0.01), and also lower than that of the population without PTB history (χ2=165.490, P<0.01). The public awareness rates of the Han nationality and ethnic minorities were 68.1% (42 365/62 190) and 57.6% (1031/1790) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=83.797, P<0.01). The public awareness rates of the groups with and without TB symptoms were 61.9% (4910/7935) and 68.7% (38 486/56 045), which had statistically significant difference (χ2=95.528, P<0.01). The awareness rate to the national free policy was the lowest, only 44.6% (5703/12 796). The awareness rate to TB symptoms was the highest, which was 85.9% (10 993/12 796). The results of the multivariate analysis showed gender (Wald χ2=8.616,P<0.01,OR=0.898,95%CI=0.836-0.965), the first dummy variable of age (Wald χ2=387.819,P<0.01,OR=3.123,95%CI=2.788-3.498), the second dummy variable of age (Wald χ2=84.655, P<0.01, OR=1.627, 95%CI=1.467-1.805), nationality (Wald χ2=44.818,P<0.01, OR=0.466, 95%CI=0.373-0.583), the first dummy variable of PTB history(Wald χ2=29.550, P<0.01, OR=2.971, 95%CI=2.006-4.399), the second dummy variable of PTB history(Wald χ2=30.724, P<0.01, OR=2.381, 95%CI=1.752-3.236) and TB symptoms(Wald χ2=16.077, P<0.01, OR=1.254, 95%CI=1.123-1.400) were selected for the regression equation, there were statistically significant differences.Conclusion The public TB awareness rate was low in Hunan. Gender, age, nationality, TB symptoms and PTB history were influencing factors of public TB awareness rate.
    Analysis on funds calculation for tuberculosis prevention and control in Anhui province in 2011
    ZHANG Gen-you,YANG Jian-an,WANG Ji-xiang,WANG Ai-min,ZHANG Yong-zhong,BAO Fang-jin,WU Ying,ZHU Qing-qing
    Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health. 2012, 1(2):  123-126. 
    Abstract ( 297 )   PDF (657KB) ( 381 )   Save
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    Objective To understand the financing requirement, implementation and gap for the tuberculosis(TB) prevention and control at provincial, prefecture and county levels in Anhui province in 2011.Methods TB prevention and control institutes at provincial, prefecture and county levels made their own work plans and calcula-ted relevant funds requirements of 2011 according to the local economic situations, based on the scheme of TB control basic work plan and funds requirement. The forms of basic work plan and funds requirement for TB prevention and control were filled out and submitted to higher administrative levels. The forms and data reported from different prefectures were gathered and summarized by provincial TB prevention and control institute. The funds budget software provided by China CDC based on Microsoft Access database was used to calculate the funds requirement for TB prevention and control.Results The total funds required for TB prevention and control of Anhui province in 2011 was 93.26 million Yuan; however, the special funds provided by central finance, local governments at all levels and global funds were 21.64, 34.67 and 9.93 million Yuan respectively, the financing gap was 27.02 million Yuan, which accounted for 29.0% of the required financial support.Conclusion The calculation shows that funding gap has existed in all types of TB prevention and control activities at all levels in Anhui.
    An investigation of TB diagnosis and treatment capability of county CDC in Yichang district of Hubei province
    YANG De-qin*, HU Jun-feng, CHEN Hua-lin, CAO Yan, LI Ming-chun, JIANG Yan-hong, DONG Li, GONG Qing-rong
    Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Health. 2012, 1(2):  128-131. 
    Abstract ( 302 )   PDF (648KB) ( 698 )   Save
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    Objective To understand the actual capability of TB diagnosis and treatment in country CDCs in Yichang district, in order to provide scientific basis for optimization the model of TB prevention, diagnosis and treatment.Methods Using the census survey method, a total of 61 staff members in 9 county level CDCs were investigated by the research team, and checked 378 pieces of materials. The main content includes the clinicians’ background, CDC’s facilities, routine implementation of diagnosis and treatment, clinicians’ capability of TB diagnosis and treatment. Then data are verified, collected and analyzed by the research team.Results There are 24 clinicians who diagnose and treat TB or suspected TB patients in 9 county CDCs in Yichang district, of which 66.67% (16/24) had not received any systematic medical professional refresher yet, 45.83%(11/24)was incapable of reading the X-ray films, 62.50%(15/24) was incapable of reading chest CT. The examinations before and during the treatment in 58.33%(210/360) of spot-checked medical records did not follow the regulatory procedure. There are 11 medical tangles in the recent 10 years. None of the infrastructure in these 9 county CDCs had reached the regulatory requirements.Conclusion There are a big gap between county CDCs and the government requirement in the capability of TB diagnosis and treatment.

Bimonthly, Established in June 2020
ISSN 2096-8493
CN 10-1695/R

    Responsible Institution
    China Association for Scienceand Technology
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    Chinese Antituberculosis Association
    42 Dongsi Xidajie,Beijing 100710,China
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    Editorial Board of Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
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    Tel(Fax):0086-10-62257587
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    Email:jhyfbjbzz@163.com
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    TANG Shen-jie(唐神结)
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    FAN Yong-de(范永德)
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    Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis Publishing House
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